English Sound Production

 Q1

Introduction

English sound production includes consonants and vowels, the way sounds are articulated determines if they are consonants or vowels.

They differ in many ways such as the way each of them is produced in the mouth. Other differences are related to the status of the mouth when vowels or consonants are made and the way each is described and classified.

Discussion

Consonants are sounds that are produced by stopping the air in the mouth from free flow such as using the tongue to touch the teeth or closing the lips for example. The air here is totally stopped by lips and then it is soon closed: /b/; /p/; /m/. Vowels are sounds of speech that are produced when the air in the mouth flows out without the teeth blocking it or even the lips or the tongue. Examples are teach, books and sun as the middle sounds of these words are all vowels. Differences between vowels and consonants include the way they are put in the syllabus as a vowel occupies the nucleus of a syllabus while consonants are described based on manner and place of articulation. Vowels when produced, there is no complete closure while consonants are produced with closure in many positions.

There are 24 recognized consonant sounds in English which are divided into seven classes based on the manner of articulation. This includes stop/plosive sounds, affricate sounds, nasal sounds, approximant sounds and lateral approximant in addition to frictionless continuant.

Place of articulation refers to the point where the two articulators meet at together, there are points where articulators meet to make consonants such as Bilabial as the two lips are the articulators such as /p/; / b/; /m/. Another point is the labiodental that gathers lower lip and upper front teeth to produce /f/ and /v/, labial-velar is the point that includes simultaneous strictures at the lips and between the tongue back and soft palate such as /w/ sound while dental point is an active articulator is the tip of the tongue and the upper front teeth is the passive one such as /θ/ as in thought and /ð/ as in there. Alveolar point is the point where the tip of the tongue is the active articulator and the alveolar ridge is the passive such as /t/; /d/; /n/; /s/; /z/; /l/; /r/ and post alveolar sounds include active articulator which is the tongue blade and the alveolar ridge back is the passive one such as /ʃ/ in shop, tʃ in chips, /ʒ/ and /ʤ/. The palatal is tongue front is the active articulator and the passive is the hard palate such as j in yesterday. And the velar point makes the tongue back is active articulator and the passive is soft palate such as /k/; /g/; /ŋ/. Glottal point is such as sound /h/ where the vocal cords produce the sound. 

A vowel occupies the syllabus nucleus as in the process of vowel production, The tongue height refers to the place of tongue's highest point that can form the vowel and there are three positions which are the high that is close to the mouth roof as in the sound /i:/ as in please, the low that is open as in /a:/ as in car and the mid such as /ɜː/ in bird. Pace of tongue also affects the vowels such as front vowels as /i:/ as in keen, the back as /u:/ in poor and central as the /ɜː/ bird. Vowels differ according to length and lips as the unrounded lip position as /i/ in chip and the rounded as in horse /ɔː/.

Conclusion

In conclusion, vowels and consonants are produced based on position of the tongue, teeth and other areas in the mouth and this affects the way people can use each of them to produce speech.

References

1. Amer, W. (2020). ' An investigation into the Differences between English and Arabic Consonant and Vowel Sounds: A Contrastive Study with Pedagogical Implication.' http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/wamer/files/2010/02/An-investigation-into-the-Differences-between-English-and-Arabic-Consonant-and-Vowel-Sounds-review.pdf
2. Mehler, J. Varela, S. Nespor, M. Hochmann, J. (2011). 'Consonants and vowels: Different roles in early language acquisition.' https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51729788_Consonants_and_vowels_Different_roles_in_early_language_acquisition

 

 

Q2

Introduction

Morphology is the study of the words of a language and how they are formed of parts of speech such as morphemes.

There are different types of English morphemes such as base words, suffixes, prefixes and affixes. Each morpheme has its function that can change the meanings based on its position and role in the words. A word can include many morphemes that their position decides their functions.

Discussion 

Morphology is studying of the words and the parts related to them and the formation of words. Morphemes are the basic meaning units in morphology study, they can be like base words, suffixes and prefixes. Morphemes are essential for phonics in processes such as spelling and reading and they are important for comprehension and vocabulary.

Types of morphemes include free morphemes that can work alone as they are the stem or root of words such as the word that is  a lexical word 'possible' and bound morphemes that should be connected and can't stand as main words alone such as ed. A word can include many morphemes such as for example, the word buyers that includes three morphemes which are buy, er and s and each of these morphemes can occur in another word keeping its meaning such as buying, fisher and sellers as each morpheme has its same specific job of meaning.

Affixes have specific functions as they work to form new words such as derivational affixes and they can also tell if the word is an object, a subject or other such as the inflectional affixes. They carry both simple and grammatical information that can make sentences clear and effective. Inflectional affixes can work as a conveyer for the grammatical meaning because they are able to build the many forms of one word while the derivational affixes work as for supplying the main part of the lexical and lexico-grammatical meanings which results in different words. A derivative can provide more derivation and can be homonymous to the meaning stem. Example is foolish which is derived from the fool as a stem, it is homonymous to the foolish stem and occur in the words foolishly and foolishness. 

Conclusion

In conclusion, words are composed of main parts as the morpheme is the base word that bear meaning and it can be used in other words with affixes and suffixes presenting the same meaning. There are types of morphemes such as grammatical morphemes. Affixes can be used to send messages forming new words of the main word stem.

References

1. Fokkens, A. (2009).' Introduction to Morphology.' http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~afokkens/materials/Introduction2Morphology2009.pdf

 

 

 

 

Choice as an important them in Robert Frost poem, "The Road Not Taken"

 Introduction

Choice is an important them in Robert Frost poem, "The Road Not Taken" as the speaker has two roads to choose from and he chose the road that can make a difference.

Discussion

The poem explains that choice can decide how destinies can change and be defined as he explains how he sees a fork in the road that symbolizes choice that a person has to make in life and how choice can lead a person to take decisions which can make difference in life. The speaker in the poem shows how he faces two paths and his choice can't be avoided and the path chosen by a person can make him and his career. Choice is presented in the poem as a philosophy as life is symbolized as a journey and that when a person chooses the hardest way or the way that others find difficult, this can make results more different and unique. He refers to doubts hen taking a choice and he decided to take the road that represents hardships that people avoid but it may have special distinctions for future life and career. The poet says:

"Then took the other, as just as fair, 
And having perhaps the better claim," (Second Stanza.)

Here he refers to reasons for his choice and decision to take the road that is not taken by others as he wanted both roads but left the other for another day as he wishes to return to it one day which shows his desire to discover everything in life which is a difficult thing and no one can do. The speaker in the poem is faced by choices and he has to take serious decision that he should be responsible for, he seems to be hesitated but his last line explains that he is satisfied with his judgment because he seeks value and difference although the impact of taking such road is not yet clear.

"And that has made all the difference." (Last line.)

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is important for a person to think deeply before making a choice and that roads that are not commonly taken may make a difference. 

References 

1. Alam, M. Mitu, R. (2018). 'Representation of Conflicts Regarding Choices in Human Life in ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost.' https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329706231_Representation_of_Conflicts_Regarding_Choices_in_Human_Life_in_'The_Road_Not_Taken'_by_Robert_Frost
2. Avula, P. (2015). 'Impact of Decision Making in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken.' https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303683976_IMPACT_OF_DECISION_MAKING_IN_ROBERT_FROST'S_'THE_ROAD_NOT_TAKEN'
3. Judkins, L. (2014). 'Robert Frost’s “The Road Not Taken”: Regret in the Human . Psyche - A Critical Essay.' https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/633/577

Writing book reviews and Online Education EL117

 Part 1 Process Essay

Outline

Introductory Paragraph:

Hook/Opening statement:

Writing book reviews is a commentary work that can provide a summary for the work.

Thesis statement:

Writing a review is making a critical evaluation of a written text, it can make argument for a literature work such as books, novels or any other different genre of writing. 

Body Paragraph (1):

Topic sentence (1):

The importance of writing books' reviews.

Major supporting details:

How to write a review for a book in certain steps.

Body Paragraph (2):

Topic sentence (2):

Writing a review for a book should have an idea about it and analysis to its main themes.

Major supporting details:

How to be an expert in writing reviews of books.

The importance of books' reviews for readers of different books.

Concluding Paragraph:

Restatement of the thesis:

Reviewing books is important because it can evaluate written works and suggest the most important for readers or give them summary about different books.

Final comment:

Reviewing books can make arguments about writings which is necessary and important to understand the purposes from different literary works.   

Part1/ Process Essay (351 words)

Writing book reviews is a commentary work that can provide a summary for the work. Writing a review is making a critical evaluation of a written text, it can make argument for a literature work such as books, novels or any other different genre of writing.

Writing a review makes the reader of the review able to have an idea about the book creation, its theme and plot. To write a review for a book or a novel, the review writer should at first give the readers a summary of the book's content with a relevant description of the book's main topic and the problems or conflicts it presents. Then the writer has to provide a critical assessment of the book's content which can include the reader's own reactions and feelings towards the book's themes, characters and events. The writer of the review needs to present the purpose of the book in the review in addition to the issues that can strike the public in the book. This can include comments on the style of writing the book's author used, the language, level of scenario, major and minor characters and the themes tackled into the book and how far the writer was successful in persuading the reader with his views and how far the characters were real or coming near the reality.

Writing a book review should maintain a fair analysis to the work and suggests reading it to the readers or on the contrary giving the reader an idea about the reader's passive experience during reading the book if it was like that. To become an expert reviewer, it is important to be objective and fair in giving opinions about books and authors and to be careful of taking specific attitudes against the writers of books based on personal experiences or personal feelings.

Reviewing books is important because it can evaluate written works and suggest the most important for readers or give them summary about different books. Reviewing books can make arguments about writings which is necessary and important to understand the purposes from different literary works.

Part 2 Argumentative/Persuasive Essay

Outline

Introductory Paragraph:

Hook/Opening statement:

Online education has become very important today as it seems that people find it easier to go online today and receive educational materials online.

Thesis statement:

Online education has become a main concept that all educational institutions care for and invest in today.

Body Paragraph (1):

Topic sentence (1):

There are many advantages for online education today.

Major supporting details:

Online education is the future of education as online education enables learners to have a wide variety of options of the educational subjects and materials they need.

Body Paragraph (2):

Topic sentence (2):

Online education presents several mediums a student can use to follow teachers and have the ability to decide time to take tests, quizzes and exams online.

Major supporting details:

Online education is much more flexible than traditional education because it can save money and time of travelling far away to have specific educational programs as a student can have lectures and exams online from any place in the world without having the effort of travelling and the cost too.

Body Paragraph (3):

Topic sentence (3):

Many recruiters today prefer freelance employees who don't make much burden on the company by asking physical support and those freelance employees are asked to use online sites easily.

Major supporting details:

Learners who study online can study freely at their own pace, this type of e-learning provide many portals for students and online libraries they can access materials and books online easily and properly which makes it effective to make different assignments and researches online.

Concluding Paragraph:

Restatement of the thesis:

Online education is highly recommended today by students and teachers too as they both find much comfort in using it.

Final comment:  

Online education can be most used in the future for many reasons that make it easy and money saver.  

Part2/ Argumentative and persuasive essay  (485 words)

Online education has become very important today as it seems that people find it easier to go online today and receive educational materials online. Online education has become a main concept that all educational institutions care for and invest in today.

Many people may see advantages and disadvantages in online education as some people see that a student needs to meet his teachers face to face but in the current essay, advantages of online education are going to be presented and discussed. Online education is the future of education as online education enables learners to have a wide variety of options of the educational subjects and materials they need. Another reason is that online education gives learners much time and comfort in watching and communicating with online courses and it gives students a freedom in choosing the educational path they wish and want to join.

Online education presents several mediums a student can use to follow teachers and have the ability to decide time to take tests, quizzes and exams online. Online education is much more flexible than traditional education because it can save money and time of travelling far away to have specific educational programs as a student can have lectures and exams online from any place in the world without having the effort of travelling and the cost too. A student can also divide years of studying and delay some subjects based on the hour systems applied in all online educational organizations instead of the traditional strategy of yearly curriculum applied in traditional educational organizations, this increases students' opportunities in understanding, studying and passing in the exams of online schools and universities. Students can attend lessons and discussion sessions on the wide variety of virtual education programs existed online and can have ease and comfort while doing this from home or from any suitable place in his homeland.

Many recruiters today prefer freelance employees who don't make much burden on the company by asking physical support and those freelance employees are asked to use online sites easily, this can be found easily in the students who have their degrees from online educational schools and universities. Learners who study online can study freely at their own pace, this type of e-learning provide many portals for students and online libraries they can access materials and books online easily and properly which makes it effective to make different assignments and researches online. Online education is also suitable for people who work and can't find enough time to go to schools or universities to receive a special degree as they can manage time and educational programs to make them suitable for the free time they have after work.

Online education is highly recommended today by students and teachers too as they both find much comfort in using it. Online education can be most used in the future for many reasons that make it easy and money saver.  

 

EL122 Types of Personalities

 Research question:  

Discuss Types of Personalities.

Thesis statement:

Personality refers to differences among individuals in terms of multiple factors like characteristic patterns of thinking, behaving and feeling. When we study personality we mainly focus on understanding the individual differences in particular and on personality characteristics such as irritability and sociability.

Focus of the essay:

Process

Outline

Introduction

Our personalities reflect our behaviors, and the type of personality refers to the psychological classification of individuals types. It can be sometimes mixed up with personality traits, however, personalities types are involved to many qualitative differences that distinguish people from each other. There are different classifications for personality types, such as Jung’s theory of psychological types of personality. Therefore, in this paper we will discuss the commonly known types of personality with detailed examples for illustration purposes.  (Zhang, 2001)

Topic sentence:

-Personality is a group of characteristics that reflect human behaviors.

- Different types of realm can result in sixteen personality types that reflect the individual’s attitude towards the external world.

Topic sentence:

- There is a taxonomy that divides the personality types based on their attitude and how they deal with people and different situations around them.

-Describing and discussing different types of personality in the taxonomy.

Topic sentence:

-There is a taxonomy that divides personality according to how they react in different situations.

-Describing and comparing different types of personality in the taxonomy.

Conclusion

Personality refers to differences among individuals in terms of multiple factors like characteristic patterns of thinking, behaving and feeling. Our personalities reflect our behaviors, and the type of personality refers to the psychological classification of individuals types. There are different classifications for personality types, such as Jung’s theory of psychological types of personality who divided personality types into four realms in each realm there are two contradicting personality types. There are other taxonomies of personality types such as the taxonomy that divides them into sixteen types. Sometimes, we may find one or more of these personality types in one person. (Sato, 2018)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

Our personalities reflect our behaviors, and the type of personality refers to the psychological classification of individuals types. It can be sometimes mixed up with personality traits, however, personalities types are involved to many qualitative differences that distinguish people from each other. There are different classifications for personality types, such as Jung’s theory of psychological types of personality. Therefore, in this paper we will discuss the commonly known types of personality with detailed examples for illustration purposes. (Zhang, 2001)

Discussion

Personality is a group of traits and characteristics that reflect how we behave and react to different situation around us. It can predict how we feel about things and deal with problems around us. Different personality types were analyzed by researchers in different ages. According to Jung’s theory of psychological types of personality, people can be classified into four realms of personality groups; those who prefer the general attitude, they can be either, extraverted or introverted, which identifies the source and direction of the individual’s energy. He compared them with other type of people who prefer one of the two functions of perception, sensing or intuition, which identifies the perception of information method. Then there are those who are inclined to one of the two functions of judging, thinking or feeling, which represents the information processing process and how to organize all events in one’s live and exploring possible alternative options. Finally, he illustrates the type of people who prefer one of the two functions of perception, judging or perceiving, which reflects the method of processed information implementation. These four realms can result in sixteen personality types, they reflect the individual’s attitude towards the external world and how his or her perception can function. The third group represents the way everyone perceives information and the final group reflects the way that everyone processes this piece of information. According to Jung, one of these psychological functions might be primary and the other is the secondary one. (Sato, 2018)

According to researchers, there are another taxonomy that divides the personality types based on their attitude and how they deal with people and different situations around them. The inspector; for instance appears formal, loving traditions and serious. They see him as a hard worker, socially and culturally responsible. The counselor, on the other hand, appears visionary and idealist and always projects imaginary and creative ideas. They found that he is distinguished by having a profound and different way to look at the world. He does not like to take things at the surface level or accept them as they look like from the outside, he prefers to go deep inside things to explore them. Also, there is the mastermind, the quiet, comfortable being alone and reserved person. He prefers to work alone rather than in a group. He is interested in theories and ideas and prefers to observe the world and the reasons behind things happening in it. The giver is another example who is a people focused person, with idealistic, charismatic and ethical personality; he usually prefers to make relationships with others regardless their background or personality. He depends in his judgments on feelings and intuition and tend to live in his own imagination instead of living the real world. He focuses on caring for the future rather than the current present tense. (Grumm, 2009)

On the other hand, There is the taxonomy that divides personality according to how they react in different situations, such as the craftsman; who is described as a mysterious person who is usually very rational and tends to go for logic while being enthusiastic at the same time. It is not easy to recognize his personal traits compared to other types of personality, so it is hard to anticipate his reactions towards what is happening around him. He is spontaneous and capable of hiding his traits from the outside world. The provider, for instance, is extrovert, social butterfly and usually in need to interact with others and make them happy; he attempts to be the cheerleader or the soccer hero in school and college. He focuses on organizing the social events for his friends and family and the community to which he belongs. Nevertheless, there is the idealist who is an introvert, he seems always reserved and quiet. He prefers to speak about himself especially when he is communicating with new people. He prefers to stay alone and analyze signs and symbols and think of the metaphors they may represent deep in his mind. He is always drawn to his dreams and imagination with his own thoughts and ideas. The performer, also, is distinguished by being perceptive, observant and extraverted. He likes to be the spotlight wherever he is, he is a funny person and enjoy being the center of attention. He is generous, friendly and warm, he concerns for people’s well-being. The researchers described the champion as being intuitive, extraverted, perceptive and have a lot of feelings towards others. He tends to make his own methods of life, his own ideas about things and his own habits and looks, he does not like to be forced to do something he does not want. He likes to be around people and sounds strongly intuitive when it comes to himself and others. The doer, also, is extraverted, with a sensible and thinking personality, he is governed by his needs for social relationships and his emotions. He is always in need for freedom and he is distinguished by having reasoning and logical processes. He is not always convinced by theories or abstracts, he is capable of fixing his own mistakes as he goes, and he never sit idle or set for contingency plans. However, we find the supervisor as the honest, organized, dedicated and traditional in his way of doing things. He is a good believer of doing what he believes. He always takes the path towards what is good or what is right and he is happy with his decisions. On his part, the researchers described the commander as the one who focuses on external aspects and tends to deal with things with rational and logical thinking. He is internally pushed towards behaving with things around him. The thinker, also is known for his brilliant ideas and theories and tends to use logic in everything he deals with. He likes to handle patterns and is capable of reading people. The nurturer, for researchers, is a sort of a philanthropist who is always ready to give back, he is known with generosity and always values cooperation and harmony. The visionary is someone of the rarest people in the world who is completely understandable. He is an extrovert and he does not like small talks in different social situations. And finally there is the composer who is, on the contrary, an introvert and finds difficulties to connect with others. We can, sometimes, find one or more of these personality types in one person. (Zhang, 2001)

 

Conclusion

Personality refers to differences among individuals in terms of multiple factors like characteristic patterns of thinking, behaving and feeling. Our personalities reflect our behaviors, and the type of personality refers to the psychological classification of individuals types. There are different classifications for personality types, such as Jung’s theory of psychological types of personality who divided personality types into four realms in each realm there are two contradicting personality types. There are other taxonomies of personality types such as the taxonomy that divides them into sixteen types. Sometimes, we may find one or more of these personality types in one person. (Sato, 2018)

References

1. Humanmetrics.com. (2019). Personality Type Explained. [online] Available at: http://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type [Accessed 19 Oct. 2019].
2. Perfect, P. (2019). 16 Personality Types Overview | Free Access. [online] Personality Perfect. Available at: https://www.personalityperfect.com/16-personality-types/ [Accessed 19 Oct. 2019].
3. Sato, J. (2018). Feeling Function of Jung’s Psychological Types and Acceptance of Responses of Empathic Images. The Japanese Journal of Personality, 27(2), pp.149-151.
4. Zhang, L. (2001). Thinking styles and personality types revisited. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), pp.883-894.
5. Grumm, M. and von Collani, G. (2009). Personality types and self-reported aggressiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), pp.845-850.

B291There are many people who enthusiasm for the money related data which created from the budget summaries.

 

Q1

There are many people who enthusiasm for the money related data which created from the budget summaries. There are numerous clients of the fiscal summary, for example,  financial specialists, government the loan bosses, speculators ,Talal Bin Saeed Bin Marhoon Al Mamari who is the CEO at the Omantel organization, providers, the outer reviewers, and clients.

a)     The leading body of the board: each individual in the organization also Talal Bin Saeed Bin Marhoon Al Mamari (CEO)  use or enthusiasm for the budget summary as they look to be protect that the fiscal summary are issued and made without misquote and guarantee that the advantages, liabilities , income, costs and value are issued at the reasonable esteem and arranged without any misrepresentation or mistakes. Talking about the financial statement, Talal Bin Saeed Bin Marhoon Al Mamari enthusiasm for the organization's budget report since they look for protect that the Omantel accomplish flourishing in making high productivity which is sufficient to state that the Omantel organization have great executives who used sound judgment aided the superior of the organization through high pay.

b)    Suppliers just as the fundamental loan bosses are charge of distributing and giving the Omantel all required crude materials so as to make the completed items or benefits and giving the Omantel the required money which is required to make the administration. They use their thought and put them into the budget summary extraordinarily the announcement of money related position to safeguard that the Omantel have great dimension of liquidity which give the Omantel to reimburse its liabilities and short run liabilities.

c)     The budget summary is regarded as demonstrate for the outside auditors (EY).Consequently , budget reports are utilized by them to protect that the fiscal summary is issued at exact sum.

 

 

 

Q2

1-    Political And legal Factor: The Omani Government offers great services also it offers solid help to Omantel .  The Omani Commercial Companies Law of 1974 and heartfelt global discretionary relations influence on them, the yearly allocations of 10% of the net gain for the year are made to this hold till the gathered parity of the save is like 33% of the measure of paid capital of Omani organization. The diverse fundamental administrative adjusting in the past  influenced obviously on the telecom advertise in Oman such as the new Access and Interconnect law in its new type, and how it reflected in raising  weight on far reaching market esteem and execution.

2-    Economic Factors: when we talk about the economic elements in Omantel, we have to say that The fiscal business for of Omantel affected in passive and negative route by negative financial circumstances, and any decrease of generosity of the organization may have negative impact on money related circumstance of the organization. Oman is considered as one the greatest oil exporting countries in the world market, and this has a great impact in improving the world market oil petrol industry, all that is because of the stable price of oil.

3-    Socio-cultural: It is noticeable that due to the great increase in number of population in Oman reflected on the bad need to increase and improve the Omani services for all people, as well as increasing services in Omantel organization.  With the great technology increase and the increase of information and data, there was a bad need for increasing devices and broadband services as well.

4-    Technological: In order to develop and improve Omantel organization, there should be an improvement in information technology field so as to improve the technological market as well to meet all need and to satisfy all needs of customers. Also there should be a kind of improving high tech in the internet area and the OTT has a great effective impact on it.

 

 

Q3

There was a Cost and Revolution model created by IAS 16. According to cost of non-current asset, there isn't any favoritism in cost type here, this resulted in small numbering and calculations. The present market value that is associated with non-current resources by taking advantage of the supply of unrest, which results in a more accurate picture of the organization than costing. Looking to the sort of held for sale of Property, plant and equipment, furthermore, impalpable resources are not devalued or amortized. We can consider assets and liabilities as present items according to the balance sheet statement.

Q4

The estimates and judgments speak to material part in getting ready united budget summaries especially merged proclamation of money related position so as to plan solidified fiscal report in pertinence with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to introduce right amounts. We can say that the income statement and the balance sheet are influenced by judgment and estimates, such as the consolidated financial position assets are influenced by judgment polices and estimates strategies. Polices have a great influence on the expenses according to income statement. To decide the goodwill, provision for income taxes, an allowance for doubtful receivables  and  impairment, they rely upon judgments  and estimates.

 

Q5

Capital expenditures are fixed assets; in the future it is anticipated to become useful productive assets. Revenue expenditures are costs that have acquired to create something like overall gain in working periods such as expense of sold products. They differ from each other a lot for example they differ in time, the expense of the organization will convey the Capital uses as well as deterioration, in specific period. In short time, Income consumptions are coordinated to organization's cost. They differ also in Consumption. As per anticipated existence of the fixed resource , A capital use is determined, and Revenue consumption is determined all through brief period.  Also they differ in Estimate as capital consumptions might be higher than income uses in money related sum.

 

Q6:

Going Concern presumption demonstrate that the organization activity will last for a long time in future and will increase in the market in such a way of nonstop activity, the organization must achieve a net income every year, if the organization doesn't accomplish a net income surely it will not be able to continue in progress in market. Also the organization going on depends on the material objects.  The profit of  Omante in 2017 was 106779 RO and the current  organization ratio refers to the organization ability to pay its short period liability was fine as it was 64% in 2017.

 

Q7:

1-First-in-First out (FIFO): the cost of services and products which have been bought first to determine the cost of services and products which have been sold. The products cost which have been bought in the beginning is done to show the the residual inventory value.

2- Last-in-First out (LIFO):  the firm looks to characterize the expense of products sold through expense of administrations which have been purchased at the most recent time, and since it try to quantify the leftover stock through expense of administrations which have been obtaining at the beginning time period.

3- Weighted Average: the expense of products sold is relying upon the normal expense of all units bought all through the period. As stock turns over expediently this methodology will more exceedingly similar FIFO than LIFO.  Cost is determined on the FIFO or weighted normal cost, that contains use occurred in purchasing stock and conveying it to its present site and circumstance.

Q8:

According to prudence basis, Allowance for receivables are considered as the possibility loss since they are considered for in a split second. When the organization or the company does not repay, here the accountant will stay basic debt. Irrecoverable debt is considered as the debt which the firm can not collect it. The best way to deal with debts is to dispense with debts of some specific people or companies from the company accounts and to treat them as cost in the income statement. Some certain debts are considered as accounts as they haven't been gathered in a complete way. We can see that, on page 124, the company estimates an allowance for doubtful receivables that was because of the last collecting history and the financial charts from delayed debts.

 

Q9:

Accountants can count the benefit as well as the loss in some situations like when they want to move risks from the organization to the customers: there are two ways, money basis, in IFRS 15, Omantel recognize revenue by delivering services and products to clients though paying to the organization itself.  In income statement, Recording revenue can be done through delivering products to clients and customers even if they paid for the service before or after receiving it. In p.75 they record the revenue through some specific lines, according to the services offered through the internet and GSM. They record revenue through credit cards and phones according to the actual suing of these cards and payphones.

Q10:

In Omantel, in page 6, managers and directors wanted to control and measure the firm profit, so they created matching between consolidated balance, the consolidated cash flow, sheet and consolidated income statement in both years 2017 and 2019. They noticed an improvement in the revenue , in 2016 it was 519.3 million then  (44.7%) as it reached to be RO 751.7 million, this reflects the great noticeable improvement in the organization performance and this leads directly to the great improving of the financial side of the organization. Omantel has improved its position in 2017 by 4.5 % .

   

References

Heidelberg, D.(2013) Regionalizing_Oman_Political_Economic_and_Social_Dynamics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262809437_

Thomas R. Ittelson,(2009),Financial Statements: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating Financial Reports.

 

BUS115 Micro Power Generation

 D.light is considered as successful company that has achieved progress in helping the people who needs electricity through serving the people and fulfilling suitable profit as it accessed to   100,000 persons in 8 nations in 2008 and this business become have more than  1 million units for people  in 37 nations. Nova was considered as the first product that has been produced by the company at $25US. The, it has produced Kiran which is affordable and suitable for the people in remote areas at   $10US.

Q1

There are many reasons that help D.light to achieve success  in the competition of business plan as the founders has concerned on showing the size of Suffering suffered by millions of people in remote and poor areas because of the scarcity of resources and electricity through Telling Stories & showing  pictures - to have stories and to show pictures, you need to show a solid plan and all the other reasons will have needed to be completed and done in order to tell a great story and have captivating images for d.light to be attractive and memorable to investors and the business competition. The Oral Presentation of a Business Plan has been made  by the founders in this case. The founders in this case put attention the business plan of them into the investors  through not depending on PowerPoint slides and bullet points like the competitors in the competition ,but they depended on telling stories and indicating images through presenting images of rural peasants utilizing their instrument, and showed their testimonials . the strength of d.light's presentation pushed Goldman to make insure that the investors will mention this business plan forever .

All In - full adherence of the founders and team  to d.light through visiting many remote areas in the different countries to build full knowledge about their needs in order to develop their lifestyle and they tested their device before business plan presentations. So, this is important cause for their success because if there is no visiting and trips to these remote areas, the founders could get pictures or stores to tell and show it through business plan presentation. No doubt that Right Team is another effective cause for their success by having skilled engineers who improved  idea and Business mind  by have full knowledge about the market in order to produce suitable product to these areas that suffer from low electricity.

 

Q2

I will set marketing strategy to d.light in order to set guidance or steering  for how the business can access to its target market  in remote areas via its product, pricing, promotional, and distribution policies . so , the founders should invariably promote and market its service in remote places in remote areas in Africa  as these people who suffer from low electricity  are considered as  target market. On this direction, the founders should sell its products through specialty tools stores in remote areas. The personal selling should be used  in this case through hiring salesmen from these areas  because they have full knowledge about the customers and know how to promote the product in effective way. In such remote areas  that suffer from low technology and electricity ,  the PRINT AND GRAPHIC ARTS MEDIA is considered as effective way to access to the consumers in such  areas  to educate the people in these areas about the benefits of using d.light products and explaining the low costs of this product by 10$ that encourage them to Keep away from kerosene and explain the damage to its use leading to death and fire. There are many mean such as brochures, business cards, newspaper ads and magazines ,these ways can enable the founders to communicate the message of the company that based  on serving customer through healthy and safety device that make the life is more better through enabling the people to handle in nights  women can cock , and students can study more, etc. Promotional gifts play effective part such as; key rings and calendars. Networking and society involvement can enable them to access potential customers through existence in trade shows, conferences, community activities and other events in these remote areas by showing its competitive price and high quality price that better than competitors in china and the high price products that sold by government .

Q3

Micro power generation

No doubt that the developing countries are suffering from many services specially the remote areas that electricity is rare. this issue push many people and founders to establish an entrepreneurial company in order to make effective business plan and offer its presentation for the investors in order to charm electricity is them to produce effective product that help the people who live in these remote areas .

A many persons may address whether most squeezing requirement for urgently poor towns that need nearly everything, from access to medication to learning or education to an opportunity to acquire any kind of salary. In any case, Gyanesh Pandey, who is the founder and chief executive manager of Husk Power Systems, has observed these problems because he suffered from it when he was kid. For him, access to power  or getting electricity is only the initial phase in understanding a lot more extensive vision for rustic improvement. Notwithstanding which, electricity itself brings gigantic advantages, as the founder said. The founder originates from a town without electricity. When he left School and went to the United States – he simply wanted to leave this poor and live in good life. Sooner or later he understood that there is no escaping: you are what you are, and he started to ponder what might be the most ideal approach to accomplish something for rustic improvement. No doubt the bottom line for the founder of Husk Power is development benefits as they are not just producer or manufacturer of electricity; they are considered as a power station of rural development.

 

Husk Power plans to give power via utilizing one percent renewable power with assistance of decentralized mini-grids. The founder has wanted to Provide small scale electric solution for poor and remote areas in many countries in developing areas. on the other hand, the person could make  mini power plant that utilizations biomass created by the people, plants, and creatures of an off-framework town. These sorts of frameworks are extremely shabby to assemble and actualize and can be paid for on an expense for-utilization premise. This thought is likewise cooperative and an agreeable because it is cheap to make and it depend on low cost material that can service the people in remote areas that suffer from zero electricity  and this idea looks like the idea of d.light because the both service the people in poor and remote areas  in developing world. The without electricity areas in the world is considered the issue that the both business concern as they attempted to reduce the problem of without electricity through producing low cost devices that can develop these areas and help them to be more developed and help the people to enjoy with their life in the nights. The Husk Power has achieved success in providing this device in about 50 villages in the developing countries by serving more than 50000 people  by 2014 devices . the both business seek to offer service for people who suffer from without electricity and in the same time seek to achieve profit.

 

 

References

Justin G. Longenecker ,2007,Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures (with Printed Access Card)

Steven D. Strauss ,2012,The Small Business Bible: Everything You Need to Know to Succeed in Your Small Business

William Petty,2011,Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures

Neha Dewan,2017, Generating electricity for millions: Husk Power bolsters Modi's dream of power to all,visited in 30-6-2019,available

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/entrepreneurship/generating-electricity-for-millions-husk-power-bolsters-modis-dream-of-power-to-all/articleshow/68213635.cms?from=mdr

 

Conan Doyle and The Sign of the Four The Mutiny

 Introduction

The Sign of the Four is a novel that is written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1889 with starring characters Sherlock Holmes and John Watson. Doyle was born in 1859 in Scotland and began writing short stories and academic articles and published them when he was a doctor. The Sign of the Four has its main character Holmes solving a two-fold mystery and the novel presents how Indian mutiny led to societal fear of homeland safety as the story presents how foreign intruder can threaten Britain and its security. The current paper is trying to answer a number of questions related to the Indian Mutiny and Doyle's treatment of issues such as Indian mutiny, race and others in order to shed the light on the way Doyle discussed and presented these issues and discuss them critically.  

Discussion

The Indian Mutiny made it easy for Britain to form social anxieties but in the Sign of the Four, Doyle suggests that the society of the late 19th century in Britain continued in seeing the colonies of Britain attractive possessions and he portrayed India as exotic place with common 19th century colonial concepts with the normal romantic fancies about the orient nations brought by Western artists. An example of this is the way Doyle presented Miss Morstan with her accessories, clothes and turban: “a small turban of the small dull [grey] hue, relieved only by the suspicion of a white feather in the side” [5], The Indian Mutiny showed the amount of weakness of the British Empire and revealed the British society uncertainty as many people lost their feeling of confidence in the ability of the nation to protect against the foreign incursions in Britain. The Mutiny made a change in the way British people regarded the colonial natives as the violent actions of the Mutiny supposed that there is a primitive nature related to the Eastern cultures. In THE Sign of the Four, Doyle reflects the common British beliefs about the Eastern people after the Mutiny in many things such as his description of a character as Tonga  to be primitive and frightening: " His small eyes glowed and burned with a sombre light, and his thick lips were writhed back from his teeth,….fury." [5].  (Isokoski, 2008)

Here he repeats the contemporary common national British mythology and ideas about India, the Mutiny and what follows as the novel reflects the pervasive apprehensions of the Victorian society towards the culture of the East and the author follows public thoughts and ideas about criminality and its relation to foreigners. The way Doyle portrayed his characters to be primitive and traditional reflects a public British point of view about the Mutiny and people of the colonies in the 19th century as well as the British tendency for relating the aggressive behavior to foreigners and how British can see them clearly and this can be seen in Watson words when he said: "Never have I seen features so deeply marked with all bestiality and cruelty” [5] when he first saw Andaman Islander as the novel here focuses on the fears of the Victorian society of the foreign and such descriptions show the low contact of the British with the colonies and the people of the Mutiny resulting from the imperialism of the society. (Fraser, 2012)

The novel can be considered as a historical testimony on the fictional distortion of the time period it relates to as there are evidences of the colonies sensual appeal such as the reference to the accessories of Miss Morsan referring to them as exotic: " a small turban of the small dull [grey] hue, relieved only by the suspicion of a white feather in the side” [5], then she captured Watson attention and inspiration in a fantasy way that reflects the societal fascination with the different colonies.  The Sign of the Four reflects the nineteenth century attitudes of imperialism as most works written at that time and it outlines the different attitudes of the British society to deal with contradictory beliefs. As a result of the Indian Mutiny, the Nineteenth-century British society became fearful of the foreign existence and it was in need to feel that their possessions were not threatening the native British identity and homeland safety. This was clear in The Sign of the Four through the representation of the colonial figure of Tonga that reflects the popular fear that the clear British society will be affected by the dangerous communication between the Native British and the colonial people if the colonial enterprise would end the boundaries between the enlightened British Empire and other foreigners who are violent and barbarian.

Doyle yet presents some sort of consolation in the character of Sherlock Holmes who in an indirect way represents the British forces of laws and seeks British public safety finding out the dangerous colonial figures from Britain. He presents Holmes to figure the British protection force that may be the British society too who seeks government demand for protection against the foreign danger threatening their society and safety. The portrayal of Holmes in the novel is considered a portrayal of the efforts done by the British society to get the British internal sanctity against the foreign incursion and this is clear via Tonga shooting and death that explain Holmes sanitation work against foreign elements in the Empire and his defense vision of the identity of Britain which here represents an image of the imperialism in the British society. The way Holmes refuses the foreign impact in the novel is the same vision of the British fears against the colonial rebellion and it adds much strength to the imperial existence in the British lands as The Four of the Signs can be seen as an image of the 19th age and its imperialism and how people had attitudes relevant to it. It is a historic proof that culture of that age was formed to be stereotyped in that mold as it can be seen in novels of Agatha Christie and others, it is a historic evidence on that type of fictional distortion in that age and can tell how authors and literary men of that age thought and regarded the other different countries of colonies related to Britain. (Kalpana and Mukhopadhyay, 2014)            

The Sign of the Four is a representation of past and contemporary fears Britain has had against rebellion and this is clear through the figures and characters of the novel Britain is used to colonize lands but rebellion or Mutiny has been their threat as this is clear in the novel: "It was a fight of the millions against the hundreds’ (p. 111). Yet force is also justified as the British in the novel sets the colonized natives as their inferiors who are savage enough to threaten civilization and are not able to cope with the British civilization with its values, religion and language that the British authorities imposed on the natives in a way to appear leading them to civilization. Doyle in the novel realizes both good and bad things the British people had in relation to the colonies which reflects the way the East was regarded by the Victorian society. The Sign of the Four is a work that can test how far Imperialism support has changed throughout time as the novel tells that the social confidence is lacked in the Empire after what the Mutiny brought. This novel representing colonial fervor and what it resulted in as imperialism was so strong at that age as a result of the new policies of Britain related to the colonial administration as the Sign of the four can be a historic reference for those who need to understand how far the British Empire was imperial in the nineteenth century. Doyle in The Sign of the Four made a story based on a character that works in detective issues fighting against evil forces and foreign influence that can be threat to the British Empire as Holmes was that eccentric hero who has certain abilities to face such difficult problems and keep the nation secure as this satisfies imperial aspirations of the British people at that age and makes the book a reference for detecting historical actions related to colonies and imperialism. He also showed the way race was considered at that time referring to all those differences in characterization of the British in the novel and the Indians and how the British considered inferiority as main element of the foreign elements of colonies. (Cooke, 2010)

Conclusion

In conclusion, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle presented in his book The Sign of the Four how the British Empire in the nineteenth age regarded issues such as colonial natives and the way they considered them inferior, evil and a threat to the social identity of Britain at that time. The Mutiny had raised fears of the Britain from the colonial natives and this was clear in characterization in the book. Doyle as many authors of his age tried to explain the need to face such different cultures and how to engage them into the British civilization to reduce their danger and primitivism.

References

1. Cooke, M. ' Fear of and Fascination with the Foreign in Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes Adventures.' https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705&context=theses
2. Fraser, J. (2012). ' Imperial contradictions in Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Sign of Four.'  Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Vol. 5, No. 2, Winter 2012, 19-21
3. Isokoski, M. (2008). 'The Victorian Middle Class, Imperialist Attitude and Women in Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes Adventure.' https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/78751/gradu02341.pdf?sequence=1
4. Kalpana, H. Mukhopadhyay, S. (2014). 'Post-Colonial Interpretations of "The Sign of the Four". ' https://www.academia.edu/13035629/Post_Colonial_Interpretation_of_the_Sign_of_Four