Nursing Care for Digestive and Gastrointestinal disorders

The (GI) tract has many abnormalities which can leave their effects on other organs of the body such as bleeding, inflammation, perforation, cancer and obstruction for example. The gastrointestinal tract can have circulatory disturbances and can get aged. The normal function of the GI can be affected by many factors which leave symptoms such as anxiety and stress. In some cases, there are born babies with GI tract malformations which are not very common and prematurity is not considered a main cause for them, they can be anywhere and ranging in severity as they could be minor or very serious. Treatment by surgical operations is an effective solution for them and there is a good chance that the baby could lead a normal life later and pass the normal development procedures like any other child but there are some GI tract malformations which leave serious outcomes on the child.  Nursing care for patients with GI tract problems is very important and each case needs special care, for example; patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders such as those having them in the mouth need high nursing care which includes a special nursing care plan as the disorder could include infection, inflammation and neoplastic lesions or Pathophysiology which could be caused by irritants or mechanical trauma or Manifestations as the patient suffers great pains. Collaborative care is highly needed in order to detect any problems through the intensive observation for the patient and there must be treatments that include mouth cleansing which are chosen according to each  case so as not to cause pain for the patients. The nursing care goal here is to reduce the patients feelings of pain, reduce the symptoms and insure that the patient is able to eat and swallow drinks easily and safely. A patient is asked by the nurse to stop smoking, stop eating spicy foods or drinking alcoholic substances. Straws using is effective when learnt by a skilled nurse.  

Preeclampsia

What is Preeclampsia?

Women in pregnancy are liable to be affected with many health diseases and there are conditions when complications occur and affect pregnant women. Preeclampsia is a very severe problem that affects pregnant women as it is a complication that happens to many pregnant women around the world. Many scientists and researcher have worked hard to know about its diagnosis, symptoms and treatment and they tried hard to reach a definition for it, it could be defined as a condition that affects women after their pregnancy with twenty weeks or six weeks after giving birth to the child and it is characterized by finding a hypertension and proteinuria. It does not have a clear known defined cause yet. It is also accompanied by high blood pressure and could lead to the death of the mother and the fetus.    

Diagnosis of Preeclampsia

When a case of hypertensive occurs to the pregnant mother associated with proteinuria and sometimes edema accompanies them then preeclampsia is medically diagnosed. Before pregnancy it is not a necessary to find high blood pressure in a woman who is affected with preeclampsia but during pregnancy a woman with preeclampsia usually has high blood pressure measures. When a urine sample of a pregnant woman which is a twenty four hour one, shows having protein milligrams that are about 300 or more so preeclampsia is diagnosed and if the amount of protein in the uria exceeds 5000 mg the case is considered severe and it is also severe when the blood pressure is more than 160/110mmHg. Eclampsia is one of the disease's complications if left without treatment.

Symptoms of Preeclampsia:

There are many probable symptoms for preeclampsia such as high blood pressure and proteinuria in some cases and in other cases the disease is not discovered till late stages of pregnancy which requires pregnant women to be cautious and monitor themselves well with following with a good care provider. Another sign of having preeclampsia is having severe edema on hands or face and also gaining weight rapidly can be a sign of having preeclampsia. Vomiting and nausea can also be monitored as signs of preeclampsia as well as some vision changes and some pains in different places of the body such as back pain or shoulders pain or headaches.  

Risk Factors for Development of Preeclampsia:

There are a big number of risk factors associating preeclampsia such as some risk factors which could be controlled as activity level, patient weight and diet but there are other risk factors which seem to be difficult to be controlled as renal disease,  insulin resistance, diabetes,  heart disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, vascular disease, previous preeclamptic pregnancies, autoimmune diseases and multiple pregnancies.  

How to Manage Your Business Human Resources

What is meant by human resources?

One important asset of any company or business is its human resources which is a term used to refer to the company's employees of all areas and from all levels, it means those people who work in a company and must be a strong resource for its profits, earnings, competitive advantage, high ranked levels of success and good reputation.

How to invest in human resources?

Investing in human resources is a very essential matter for any business that seeks success and have its own inspirations for coping with the biggest companies in the market, this means to look forward to having extra gained points and extra profits by working on promoting the human resources of the company and making them feel job satisfied, investing in human resources involving providing the company's employees with the salaries they deserve, motivation tools, job upgrading opportunities, training programs, any information required for improving their job performance and all comfortable luxuries such as food, drinks, suitable places to work in, breaks, plane tickets, vacancies, weekends, promotions and awards when doing special jobs in addition to providing them with chances to discuss their opinions regarding the work, listen to their suggestions, respect them and encouraging them to be creative by making work competitions. This leads the employees feel belonging to the company which reduces human resources turnovers and make the human resources a main part of the business as they get some of the extra profits they bring to the business. By doing this, the business is spending extra expenses on its human resources but at the same time the profits are rapidly increasing and the business could reach the required competitive advantage among other companies in the market.

Functions of the Human Resources Department

Any successful company has a special department for its human resources as there are many different functions performed by the human resources department of any business such as manpower planning, job analysis, job description, determining salaries, doing the recruitment and selecting tasks, doing the processes of performance appraisal, providing the company with training programs, motivating the employees, addressing employees' grievances, implementing new and most relevant organizational policies, managing the requests of employees, providing opinion reports and questionnaires for the employees to learn about their job satisfaction levels and their inspirations, monitoring and guiding employees to encourage them to do better in work, writing reports about the employees' performance and doing the dismissing tasks when necessary. 

Cerebral Palsy

WHAT IS CEREBRAL PALSY?

Cerebral palsy is a term used by the public to refer to a neurological condition that affects the human body and it involves a developmental disability and a damage that cause some dysfunctions which vary according to the place and the degree of the damage which occurs in the developing brain and this case affects the patient's muscle coordination as well as the patient's normal movement. This case usually affects the child during birth or after it with little time and then the child suffers slow motor development related to muscles' weakness which results into a difficulty in walking and having balance which affects the whole family psychologically besides the retard in the child's psychological state.

WHAT CAUSES IT?

 Most cases of cerebral palsy affect fetus before birth time due to a problem in the brain development which occurs in a specific part of the brain so development stops being normal. It could be caused by a shortage in oxygen supply during pregnancy or an infection. Yet sometimes no cause are specified for cerebral palsy but birth complications can lead children to have it, among such complications are during delivery asphyxia. Head trauma could also be one of the reasons for having cerebral palsy in children during delivery.  

TYPES OF CEREBRAL PALSY

Cerebral palsy is of three main types and there are conditions that mix between two types. The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy and it affects the body in one side or in both sides, the muscles become contracted bending the limb. Another type is athetoid which is also called dyskinetic cerebral palsy  which leads to slowing in muscles and the whole body is affected by it and it leads to writhing hands and arms movements that are lessened when the child sleeps and are high when the child is stressed. Speech could also be affected by it. The rarest type is ataxic cerebral palsy which affects coordination and balance as it causes problems in the child's motor skills.   

Should every college student take a course in public speaking?

Every college student is practicing class presentation which mainly requires public speaking besides other aids which could be visual, audible or others. To present a speech or a project into class and face class mates is not an easy task and most students hate it but it is a very essential part of most college programs. This gives an answer for the main question of this assignment which is:  Should every college student take a course in public speaking? The answer is Yes of course.

There are many reasons for taking a course in public speaking as any student needs to learn how to face an audience, learn tools of speech and practice it. Joining a speaking circle can enhance the presentation skills of students, encourage them to use all potentials and abilities they have and this can happen through earning how to use gestures, word influence, intonation, humor and body movements to affect their listeners, this helps students when they present their projects and when they share in college's events and activates as their communicative abilities are raised and strengthened besides having enough self confidence through the good training courses on public speaking. In colleges, students could be asked to share in debate events or interpretation events which could include oral interpretations so a student is in need for having a good course in public speaking where he or she can be well prepared for real life situations when an event which involves public speaking activities is like a burden without learning how to act and react with others.

Even If the student is having the public speaking craft and is gifted with the oral abilities and self confidence, a course in public speaking will add much experience to such a student as well as adding extra skills that can help the student get good education outcomes.

Family Centered Nursing Care for Burnt Children

Social awareness in many countries which are economically advantaged helped creating the concept of family centered care because this kind of care is a comprehensive one which provides care for both the patient and the members of the patient's family and it considers the psychological needs of the patient alongside with the patient's developmental needs. This could be achieved via family centered care basic focus on the role of the patient family as the family can be of great help to the patient well being and health promotion. When family centered nursing care is presented to children, it is very important to focus on monitoring them so as not to be injured or burnt as burns are so common in children. Burns injury can affect many areas and levels of the children's skin as they are of many types and could be caused by different reasons such as fires, touching hot surfaces, touching a bare electrical cord, electricity, chemicals, scalds and radiation. Hot tubes can be a common source for scalds which is very common in children as they could occur when a child under five years drinks very hot things, touches a hot tube or eating something which is very hot. A child who is older than five years is more liable to burns that happen as a result for direct contact with fire. It is a good thing that burn injuries are easy to be cured by a general pediatric practitioner who can deal with them in outpatient settings but it is a fact that some burns are very sever and serious with the need for long term treatment. Scarring could be an example of this. A good nurse needs to be well trained on how to manage such burns, deal with the patient and educate the family of the patient about how to deal with the patient with the burn injury. The danger of adverse outcomes can be raises if the patient is not receiving the proper care via all the care providers which makes it an essential matter for a nurse to be well prepared for such a task. A care provided by a nurse for a patient with a burn involves changing the dressings and it is very important for the burns nursing staff to ask the patient's family members to attend the process of changing the dressings to the burnt patient so as to let them watch how this occurs professionally by a skilled nurse. A well set care plan must be made for such nursing intervention which helps the family of the patient receives enough information about the care provided for the patient which raises their care awareness and builds good communication therapeutic relationships between the nurse and the patient as well as the patient's family and this also increases their satisfaction of the service provided for the patient. It is important for a burns nursing staff to consider the bio psychosocial impact of both the patient specially if the patient is a child besides that of the patient's family.   

Business Analysis

Economy is a field that needs companies and business institutions to be competitive in order to face the great market races among different business entities and this raises the importance of business analysis in order to understand the business needs and work directly to achieve them without wasting time in working on the wrong problems or repeating the same done work. To discuss business analysis, it is should be first defined as a system of research which recognizes the main needs and requirements of the business, identifying problems and suggest the perfect and most suitable solutions to them. Solutions can be of many aspects such as developing the main components of the systems, improving the business processes, upgrading the business techniques to cope with the state of the art technologies in the market, achieving planned organizational change and doing the strategic plans required to reach competitive advantage in the relevant business field. This returns back with great benefits for the company and it also saves the company efforts and time. Business analysis is usually done by a business analyst who can work in technology progress and analyzing technical issues to be a technical business analysis or to develop the software of the system to be an IT business analyst and there are also other types of business analysts regarding to the kind of analysis they perform in the company. Requirement analysis is usually heavy and overlapping, however, its main task is to achieve specified strategic goals via applying some organizational changes in almost all parts of the business and its policies.