A Passage to India E. M. Forester

Edward Morgan Forster is a traditional realistic novelist in the English literature who was characterizing with his modern thoughts and ideas.

He was born in London in 1879 for an architect father. He received his education at Tongridge School and after that he went to King’s College, Cambridge. He was interested in discovering human relationships which should have equality within and in modern life issues and this appear clearly in his novels.

In 1912 and 1922, Forster visited India twice, and this helped him write his great novel A Passage to India which has main modernism features such as the following ones:

Example	Explanation	Feature
Adela was convinced she wasn't fit for marriage; her objectivity makes her able to understand this clearly. Aziz at the novel's end tells Fielding :"It is useless discussing Hindus with me. Living with them teaches me no more. When I think I annoy them, I do not, when I think I don't annoy them, I do. "	The author uses objectivity to represent how people in the modern life can face their fates objectively and how they can cope with their reality. Objectivity is used to state that religions shouldn't be discussed with people from other religions in order not to make conflicts between people as a result of cultural misunderstanding.	Objectivity
The philosophy of Mrs. Moor as she thinks love can pass any borders of class or political distinctions Godbole's philosophywith his chant of Krishna, the universal love God.	Forster asserts the importance of universal love between all types of people everywhere in the world without considering the religion, language or race differences which is a modern feature.	Universal love
Mr. Turton thinks that women is not helpful at all and thinks ruling India would be better without the presence of women. Aziz considers women as things to be idolized which is clear in his reactions to Mrs. Moore and his attitude to his dead wife.	Forster tries to refer to the passive treatment of womenthrough many figures and situations in the novel and how women are not fairly dealt with by the society.	Women role
The Cave (MarberCave) represents the nature of India in an old place. It can reflect many things such as the dark sides of humanity, fears of human beings of their future. Its echoes made Mrs. Moor realize her bad sides and Adela was helped by it to admit the reality of her relationship with Roony and that they weren't attracted to each other. The mosque can be a symbol for the Islamic religion and how it is peaceful and it can reflect the Indian feelings towards colonization as Aziz expressed in chapter 2:"  "Madam, this is a mosque, you have no right here at all; you should have taken off your shoes; this is a holy place for Moslems."	Symbolism is used by the author in many parts of the novel to refer to certain meanings.	Symbolism
Adela's attitude in recognizing India and how she really desired to experience India. P23: "Miss Quested …announced anew that she was desirous of seeing the real India." The desire of the English to discover India such as when Moor made a trip to the mosque.	Experimentation and knowledge were used in the novel as tools for asserting their importance in modern life as they help people realize the reality of things and people.	Experimentation and knowledge
Adela challenges many social rules and acted individually when she admitted in the court that Aziz didn't follow her. Fielding is an individualist without high allegiance to other certain groups and his individualism is represented in his decent treatment for the Indians.	Individualism can be represented in the novel through the characters and their challenge to the social norms and ordinary rules.	Individualism
Adela think that there can be possibility in making friendship between the Indians and the English. This is clear when Mrs. Moor asks the India lady :"I wonder whether you would allow us to call on you some day:" P39. Here she is trying to make friendship with the lady.	Forster tries to assert equality in the novel through the thoughts of some characters that Indians should be equal to English people.	Equality in friendship