B291There are many people who enthusiasm for the money related data which created from the budget summaries.

 

Q1

There are many people who enthusiasm for the money related data which created from the budget summaries. There are numerous clients of the fiscal summary, for example,  financial specialists, government the loan bosses, speculators ,Talal Bin Saeed Bin Marhoon Al Mamari who is the CEO at the Omantel organization, providers, the outer reviewers, and clients.

a)     The leading body of the board: each individual in the organization also Talal Bin Saeed Bin Marhoon Al Mamari (CEO)  use or enthusiasm for the budget summary as they look to be protect that the fiscal summary are issued and made without misquote and guarantee that the advantages, liabilities , income, costs and value are issued at the reasonable esteem and arranged without any misrepresentation or mistakes. Talking about the financial statement, Talal Bin Saeed Bin Marhoon Al Mamari enthusiasm for the organization's budget report since they look for protect that the Omantel accomplish flourishing in making high productivity which is sufficient to state that the Omantel organization have great executives who used sound judgment aided the superior of the organization through high pay.

b)    Suppliers just as the fundamental loan bosses are charge of distributing and giving the Omantel all required crude materials so as to make the completed items or benefits and giving the Omantel the required money which is required to make the administration. They use their thought and put them into the budget summary extraordinarily the announcement of money related position to safeguard that the Omantel have great dimension of liquidity which give the Omantel to reimburse its liabilities and short run liabilities.

c)     The budget summary is regarded as demonstrate for the outside auditors (EY).Consequently , budget reports are utilized by them to protect that the fiscal summary is issued at exact sum.

 

 

 

Q2

1-    Political And legal Factor: The Omani Government offers great services also it offers solid help to Omantel .  The Omani Commercial Companies Law of 1974 and heartfelt global discretionary relations influence on them, the yearly allocations of 10% of the net gain for the year are made to this hold till the gathered parity of the save is like 33% of the measure of paid capital of Omani organization. The diverse fundamental administrative adjusting in the past  influenced obviously on the telecom advertise in Oman such as the new Access and Interconnect law in its new type, and how it reflected in raising  weight on far reaching market esteem and execution.

2-    Economic Factors: when we talk about the economic elements in Omantel, we have to say that The fiscal business for of Omantel affected in passive and negative route by negative financial circumstances, and any decrease of generosity of the organization may have negative impact on money related circumstance of the organization. Oman is considered as one the greatest oil exporting countries in the world market, and this has a great impact in improving the world market oil petrol industry, all that is because of the stable price of oil.

3-    Socio-cultural: It is noticeable that due to the great increase in number of population in Oman reflected on the bad need to increase and improve the Omani services for all people, as well as increasing services in Omantel organization.  With the great technology increase and the increase of information and data, there was a bad need for increasing devices and broadband services as well.

4-    Technological: In order to develop and improve Omantel organization, there should be an improvement in information technology field so as to improve the technological market as well to meet all need and to satisfy all needs of customers. Also there should be a kind of improving high tech in the internet area and the OTT has a great effective impact on it.

 

 

Q3

There was a Cost and Revolution model created by IAS 16. According to cost of non-current asset, there isn't any favoritism in cost type here, this resulted in small numbering and calculations. The present market value that is associated with non-current resources by taking advantage of the supply of unrest, which results in a more accurate picture of the organization than costing. Looking to the sort of held for sale of Property, plant and equipment, furthermore, impalpable resources are not devalued or amortized. We can consider assets and liabilities as present items according to the balance sheet statement.

Q4

The estimates and judgments speak to material part in getting ready united budget summaries especially merged proclamation of money related position so as to plan solidified fiscal report in pertinence with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to introduce right amounts. We can say that the income statement and the balance sheet are influenced by judgment and estimates, such as the consolidated financial position assets are influenced by judgment polices and estimates strategies. Polices have a great influence on the expenses according to income statement. To decide the goodwill, provision for income taxes, an allowance for doubtful receivables  and  impairment, they rely upon judgments  and estimates.

 

Q5

Capital expenditures are fixed assets; in the future it is anticipated to become useful productive assets. Revenue expenditures are costs that have acquired to create something like overall gain in working periods such as expense of sold products. They differ from each other a lot for example they differ in time, the expense of the organization will convey the Capital uses as well as deterioration, in specific period. In short time, Income consumptions are coordinated to organization's cost. They differ also in Consumption. As per anticipated existence of the fixed resource , A capital use is determined, and Revenue consumption is determined all through brief period.  Also they differ in Estimate as capital consumptions might be higher than income uses in money related sum.

 

Q6:

Going Concern presumption demonstrate that the organization activity will last for a long time in future and will increase in the market in such a way of nonstop activity, the organization must achieve a net income every year, if the organization doesn't accomplish a net income surely it will not be able to continue in progress in market. Also the organization going on depends on the material objects.  The profit of  Omante in 2017 was 106779 RO and the current  organization ratio refers to the organization ability to pay its short period liability was fine as it was 64% in 2017.

 

Q7:

1-First-in-First out (FIFO): the cost of services and products which have been bought first to determine the cost of services and products which have been sold. The products cost which have been bought in the beginning is done to show the the residual inventory value.

2- Last-in-First out (LIFO):  the firm looks to characterize the expense of products sold through expense of administrations which have been purchased at the most recent time, and since it try to quantify the leftover stock through expense of administrations which have been obtaining at the beginning time period.

3- Weighted Average: the expense of products sold is relying upon the normal expense of all units bought all through the period. As stock turns over expediently this methodology will more exceedingly similar FIFO than LIFO.  Cost is determined on the FIFO or weighted normal cost, that contains use occurred in purchasing stock and conveying it to its present site and circumstance.

Q8:

According to prudence basis, Allowance for receivables are considered as the possibility loss since they are considered for in a split second. When the organization or the company does not repay, here the accountant will stay basic debt. Irrecoverable debt is considered as the debt which the firm can not collect it. The best way to deal with debts is to dispense with debts of some specific people or companies from the company accounts and to treat them as cost in the income statement. Some certain debts are considered as accounts as they haven't been gathered in a complete way. We can see that, on page 124, the company estimates an allowance for doubtful receivables that was because of the last collecting history and the financial charts from delayed debts.

 

Q9:

Accountants can count the benefit as well as the loss in some situations like when they want to move risks from the organization to the customers: there are two ways, money basis, in IFRS 15, Omantel recognize revenue by delivering services and products to clients though paying to the organization itself.  In income statement, Recording revenue can be done through delivering products to clients and customers even if they paid for the service before or after receiving it. In p.75 they record the revenue through some specific lines, according to the services offered through the internet and GSM. They record revenue through credit cards and phones according to the actual suing of these cards and payphones.

Q10:

In Omantel, in page 6, managers and directors wanted to control and measure the firm profit, so they created matching between consolidated balance, the consolidated cash flow, sheet and consolidated income statement in both years 2017 and 2019. They noticed an improvement in the revenue , in 2016 it was 519.3 million then  (44.7%) as it reached to be RO 751.7 million, this reflects the great noticeable improvement in the organization performance and this leads directly to the great improving of the financial side of the organization. Omantel has improved its position in 2017 by 4.5 % .

   

References

Heidelberg, D.(2013) Regionalizing_Oman_Political_Economic_and_Social_Dynamics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262809437_

Thomas R. Ittelson,(2009),Financial Statements: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating Financial Reports.

 

BUS115 Micro Power Generation

 D.light is considered as successful company that has achieved progress in helping the people who needs electricity through serving the people and fulfilling suitable profit as it accessed to   100,000 persons in 8 nations in 2008 and this business become have more than  1 million units for people  in 37 nations. Nova was considered as the first product that has been produced by the company at $25US. The, it has produced Kiran which is affordable and suitable for the people in remote areas at   $10US.

Q1

There are many reasons that help D.light to achieve success  in the competition of business plan as the founders has concerned on showing the size of Suffering suffered by millions of people in remote and poor areas because of the scarcity of resources and electricity through Telling Stories & showing  pictures - to have stories and to show pictures, you need to show a solid plan and all the other reasons will have needed to be completed and done in order to tell a great story and have captivating images for d.light to be attractive and memorable to investors and the business competition. The Oral Presentation of a Business Plan has been made  by the founders in this case. The founders in this case put attention the business plan of them into the investors  through not depending on PowerPoint slides and bullet points like the competitors in the competition ,but they depended on telling stories and indicating images through presenting images of rural peasants utilizing their instrument, and showed their testimonials . the strength of d.light's presentation pushed Goldman to make insure that the investors will mention this business plan forever .

All In - full adherence of the founders and team  to d.light through visiting many remote areas in the different countries to build full knowledge about their needs in order to develop their lifestyle and they tested their device before business plan presentations. So, this is important cause for their success because if there is no visiting and trips to these remote areas, the founders could get pictures or stores to tell and show it through business plan presentation. No doubt that Right Team is another effective cause for their success by having skilled engineers who improved  idea and Business mind  by have full knowledge about the market in order to produce suitable product to these areas that suffer from low electricity.

 

Q2

I will set marketing strategy to d.light in order to set guidance or steering  for how the business can access to its target market  in remote areas via its product, pricing, promotional, and distribution policies . so , the founders should invariably promote and market its service in remote places in remote areas in Africa  as these people who suffer from low electricity  are considered as  target market. On this direction, the founders should sell its products through specialty tools stores in remote areas. The personal selling should be used  in this case through hiring salesmen from these areas  because they have full knowledge about the customers and know how to promote the product in effective way. In such remote areas  that suffer from low technology and electricity ,  the PRINT AND GRAPHIC ARTS MEDIA is considered as effective way to access to the consumers in such  areas  to educate the people in these areas about the benefits of using d.light products and explaining the low costs of this product by 10$ that encourage them to Keep away from kerosene and explain the damage to its use leading to death and fire. There are many mean such as brochures, business cards, newspaper ads and magazines ,these ways can enable the founders to communicate the message of the company that based  on serving customer through healthy and safety device that make the life is more better through enabling the people to handle in nights  women can cock , and students can study more, etc. Promotional gifts play effective part such as; key rings and calendars. Networking and society involvement can enable them to access potential customers through existence in trade shows, conferences, community activities and other events in these remote areas by showing its competitive price and high quality price that better than competitors in china and the high price products that sold by government .

Q3

Micro power generation

No doubt that the developing countries are suffering from many services specially the remote areas that electricity is rare. this issue push many people and founders to establish an entrepreneurial company in order to make effective business plan and offer its presentation for the investors in order to charm electricity is them to produce effective product that help the people who live in these remote areas .

A many persons may address whether most squeezing requirement for urgently poor towns that need nearly everything, from access to medication to learning or education to an opportunity to acquire any kind of salary. In any case, Gyanesh Pandey, who is the founder and chief executive manager of Husk Power Systems, has observed these problems because he suffered from it when he was kid. For him, access to power  or getting electricity is only the initial phase in understanding a lot more extensive vision for rustic improvement. Notwithstanding which, electricity itself brings gigantic advantages, as the founder said. The founder originates from a town without electricity. When he left School and went to the United States – he simply wanted to leave this poor and live in good life. Sooner or later he understood that there is no escaping: you are what you are, and he started to ponder what might be the most ideal approach to accomplish something for rustic improvement. No doubt the bottom line for the founder of Husk Power is development benefits as they are not just producer or manufacturer of electricity; they are considered as a power station of rural development.

 

Husk Power plans to give power via utilizing one percent renewable power with assistance of decentralized mini-grids. The founder has wanted to Provide small scale electric solution for poor and remote areas in many countries in developing areas. on the other hand, the person could make  mini power plant that utilizations biomass created by the people, plants, and creatures of an off-framework town. These sorts of frameworks are extremely shabby to assemble and actualize and can be paid for on an expense for-utilization premise. This thought is likewise cooperative and an agreeable because it is cheap to make and it depend on low cost material that can service the people in remote areas that suffer from zero electricity  and this idea looks like the idea of d.light because the both service the people in poor and remote areas  in developing world. The without electricity areas in the world is considered the issue that the both business concern as they attempted to reduce the problem of without electricity through producing low cost devices that can develop these areas and help them to be more developed and help the people to enjoy with their life in the nights. The Husk Power has achieved success in providing this device in about 50 villages in the developing countries by serving more than 50000 people  by 2014 devices . the both business seek to offer service for people who suffer from without electricity and in the same time seek to achieve profit.

 

 

References

Justin G. Longenecker ,2007,Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures (with Printed Access Card)

Steven D. Strauss ,2012,The Small Business Bible: Everything You Need to Know to Succeed in Your Small Business

William Petty,2011,Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures

Neha Dewan,2017, Generating electricity for millions: Husk Power bolsters Modi's dream of power to all,visited in 30-6-2019,available

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/entrepreneurship/generating-electricity-for-millions-husk-power-bolsters-modis-dream-of-power-to-all/articleshow/68213635.cms?from=mdr

 

Conan Doyle and The Sign of the Four The Mutiny

 Introduction

The Sign of the Four is a novel that is written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1889 with starring characters Sherlock Holmes and John Watson. Doyle was born in 1859 in Scotland and began writing short stories and academic articles and published them when he was a doctor. The Sign of the Four has its main character Holmes solving a two-fold mystery and the novel presents how Indian mutiny led to societal fear of homeland safety as the story presents how foreign intruder can threaten Britain and its security. The current paper is trying to answer a number of questions related to the Indian Mutiny and Doyle's treatment of issues such as Indian mutiny, race and others in order to shed the light on the way Doyle discussed and presented these issues and discuss them critically.  

Discussion

The Indian Mutiny made it easy for Britain to form social anxieties but in the Sign of the Four, Doyle suggests that the society of the late 19th century in Britain continued in seeing the colonies of Britain attractive possessions and he portrayed India as exotic place with common 19th century colonial concepts with the normal romantic fancies about the orient nations brought by Western artists. An example of this is the way Doyle presented Miss Morstan with her accessories, clothes and turban: “a small turban of the small dull [grey] hue, relieved only by the suspicion of a white feather in the side” [5], The Indian Mutiny showed the amount of weakness of the British Empire and revealed the British society uncertainty as many people lost their feeling of confidence in the ability of the nation to protect against the foreign incursions in Britain. The Mutiny made a change in the way British people regarded the colonial natives as the violent actions of the Mutiny supposed that there is a primitive nature related to the Eastern cultures. In THE Sign of the Four, Doyle reflects the common British beliefs about the Eastern people after the Mutiny in many things such as his description of a character as Tonga  to be primitive and frightening: " His small eyes glowed and burned with a sombre light, and his thick lips were writhed back from his teeth,….fury." [5].  (Isokoski, 2008)

Here he repeats the contemporary common national British mythology and ideas about India, the Mutiny and what follows as the novel reflects the pervasive apprehensions of the Victorian society towards the culture of the East and the author follows public thoughts and ideas about criminality and its relation to foreigners. The way Doyle portrayed his characters to be primitive and traditional reflects a public British point of view about the Mutiny and people of the colonies in the 19th century as well as the British tendency for relating the aggressive behavior to foreigners and how British can see them clearly and this can be seen in Watson words when he said: "Never have I seen features so deeply marked with all bestiality and cruelty” [5] when he first saw Andaman Islander as the novel here focuses on the fears of the Victorian society of the foreign and such descriptions show the low contact of the British with the colonies and the people of the Mutiny resulting from the imperialism of the society. (Fraser, 2012)

The novel can be considered as a historical testimony on the fictional distortion of the time period it relates to as there are evidences of the colonies sensual appeal such as the reference to the accessories of Miss Morsan referring to them as exotic: " a small turban of the small dull [grey] hue, relieved only by the suspicion of a white feather in the side” [5], then she captured Watson attention and inspiration in a fantasy way that reflects the societal fascination with the different colonies.  The Sign of the Four reflects the nineteenth century attitudes of imperialism as most works written at that time and it outlines the different attitudes of the British society to deal with contradictory beliefs. As a result of the Indian Mutiny, the Nineteenth-century British society became fearful of the foreign existence and it was in need to feel that their possessions were not threatening the native British identity and homeland safety. This was clear in The Sign of the Four through the representation of the colonial figure of Tonga that reflects the popular fear that the clear British society will be affected by the dangerous communication between the Native British and the colonial people if the colonial enterprise would end the boundaries between the enlightened British Empire and other foreigners who are violent and barbarian.

Doyle yet presents some sort of consolation in the character of Sherlock Holmes who in an indirect way represents the British forces of laws and seeks British public safety finding out the dangerous colonial figures from Britain. He presents Holmes to figure the British protection force that may be the British society too who seeks government demand for protection against the foreign danger threatening their society and safety. The portrayal of Holmes in the novel is considered a portrayal of the efforts done by the British society to get the British internal sanctity against the foreign incursion and this is clear via Tonga shooting and death that explain Holmes sanitation work against foreign elements in the Empire and his defense vision of the identity of Britain which here represents an image of the imperialism in the British society. The way Holmes refuses the foreign impact in the novel is the same vision of the British fears against the colonial rebellion and it adds much strength to the imperial existence in the British lands as The Four of the Signs can be seen as an image of the 19th age and its imperialism and how people had attitudes relevant to it. It is a historic proof that culture of that age was formed to be stereotyped in that mold as it can be seen in novels of Agatha Christie and others, it is a historic evidence on that type of fictional distortion in that age and can tell how authors and literary men of that age thought and regarded the other different countries of colonies related to Britain. (Kalpana and Mukhopadhyay, 2014)            

The Sign of the Four is a representation of past and contemporary fears Britain has had against rebellion and this is clear through the figures and characters of the novel Britain is used to colonize lands but rebellion or Mutiny has been their threat as this is clear in the novel: "It was a fight of the millions against the hundreds’ (p. 111). Yet force is also justified as the British in the novel sets the colonized natives as their inferiors who are savage enough to threaten civilization and are not able to cope with the British civilization with its values, religion and language that the British authorities imposed on the natives in a way to appear leading them to civilization. Doyle in the novel realizes both good and bad things the British people had in relation to the colonies which reflects the way the East was regarded by the Victorian society. The Sign of the Four is a work that can test how far Imperialism support has changed throughout time as the novel tells that the social confidence is lacked in the Empire after what the Mutiny brought. This novel representing colonial fervor and what it resulted in as imperialism was so strong at that age as a result of the new policies of Britain related to the colonial administration as the Sign of the four can be a historic reference for those who need to understand how far the British Empire was imperial in the nineteenth century. Doyle in The Sign of the Four made a story based on a character that works in detective issues fighting against evil forces and foreign influence that can be threat to the British Empire as Holmes was that eccentric hero who has certain abilities to face such difficult problems and keep the nation secure as this satisfies imperial aspirations of the British people at that age and makes the book a reference for detecting historical actions related to colonies and imperialism. He also showed the way race was considered at that time referring to all those differences in characterization of the British in the novel and the Indians and how the British considered inferiority as main element of the foreign elements of colonies. (Cooke, 2010)

Conclusion

In conclusion, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle presented in his book The Sign of the Four how the British Empire in the nineteenth age regarded issues such as colonial natives and the way they considered them inferior, evil and a threat to the social identity of Britain at that time. The Mutiny had raised fears of the Britain from the colonial natives and this was clear in characterization in the book. Doyle as many authors of his age tried to explain the need to face such different cultures and how to engage them into the British civilization to reduce their danger and primitivism.

References

1. Cooke, M. ' Fear of and Fascination with the Foreign in Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes Adventures.' https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705&context=theses
2. Fraser, J. (2012). ' Imperial contradictions in Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Sign of Four.'  Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Vol. 5, No. 2, Winter 2012, 19-21
3. Isokoski, M. (2008). 'The Victorian Middle Class, Imperialist Attitude and Women in Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes Adventure.' https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/78751/gradu02341.pdf?sequence=1
4. Kalpana, H. Mukhopadhyay, S. (2014). 'Post-Colonial Interpretations of "The Sign of the Four". ' https://www.academia.edu/13035629/Post_Colonial_Interpretation_of_the_Sign_of_Four

 

 

Norms and Values of the Victorian Age in relation to Women

 The Victorian age presented norms and values in a way that was distinguished by focusing on how different social classes and people from different races, religions and genders acted. A feeling of difference and otherness was usually created when people tried to move from their social classes, racial category, gender or any other classification as this was regarded in society as being detachment for their belonging and identity. The writings of Emily Bronte showed great effect of such ideas and this is clear in her masterpiece Wuthering Heights as she presented this via her characters Heathcliff and Catherine. The current paper is discussing how the author presented different views of human characters than those stereotypes of the Victorian age in a challenge that shoed parts of the society at that time and inner feelings of human characters. 

A group of shibboleths were found in the nineteenth century as they included the social class of people, gender and race. In that age there was a dominant patriarchal thinking that was prevailing among people, it was the idea of giving freedom to men only and not women, deprive women from their independency and education, making men stronger in all fields and making women inferior to all men in all areas of life. (Srayisah, 2017) The English people also had a superiority feeling at that time over all races so the novel presents this through the English people look at Heathcliff as being not English and refused called a dark-skinned gypsy. This was also applied in religion as people saw Christianity to be the superior religion over all different religions. Class conflicts and differences were also features of the Victorian age, there were middle, working and high classes and that high rich class was seen to be the most superior of all. This made people to be known and referred to according to the class, gender or religion they are belonging to.

In Wuthering Heights, the author Emily Bronte is presenting a model of challenge to the society concepts at that time related to differentiation of people based on social class, race, religion and gender. She tried to focus on the phenomenon of social class, religion, race or role displacement to a different one, this can be clear from the words: — "But Mr. Heathcliff forms a singular contrast to his abode and style of living. He is a dark-skinned gipsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman: that is, as much a gentleman as many a country squire [...]" (Chapter 1: p.15). This can be regarded in the main characters of the novel Catherine and Heathcliff who are grown up together and each belongs to a different social and racial level as Heathcliff that orphan black boy was brought up in the same house with Catherine that Victorian girl who belongs to a family of the middle class but with good origins and is just set to a certain role for a female at that age. Neither Heathcliff  nor Catherine accepted the inferiority supposed on them by society and they rejected both their limited roles, Heathcliff rejected being a poor local class child and Catherine rejected the girl's trivial limited role. (Althubaiti, 2015)

The society displaced each of Heathcliff and Catherine in a separated area and level as for example, Heathcliff was first displaced when Mr. Earnshaw adopted him and raised him in Wuthering Heights and he has no known origins but to be seen as a gypsy- Mr. Earnshaw introduces him to the family by referring to him to be "as dark almost as if it came from the devil" (Chapter4.p.45), here he is racially displaced by that English family that saw him as a frightening creature, this was clear in the first impression of Catherine and Hindely to see him:  "And I pray that he may break your neck: take him, and he damned, you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has: only afterwards show him what you are, imp of Satan." (5.65) Then the displacement completed by the good treatment of Mr. Earnshaw to Heathcliff and that he preferred him on his son as this made Heathcliff put himself in a higher rank than Hindely while the social fact is that Hindely is the superior British gentleman and this caused a conflict in Heathcliff character.  (Yang, 2012) Another displacement that was completely different was made by Catherine as she opposes the female role that was assigned to her and went with Heathcliff in male qualities and activities, she was displaced by conditions to live and be raised with Heathcliff to be acting through masculine qualities as a strong girl who is well educated, she enjoyed practicing masculine activities that gave her freedom and happiness. She was also displaced by the marriage to Edgar Linton that Heathcliff saw as a rejection to him and this also displaced him to be another person and a rich man. (Leung, 2008)

A feeling of "otherness was found to grow in the souls and minds of both Catherine and Heathcliff  towards the society they live in. The maltreatment of Hindely to Heathcliff urged him to develop himself and turn to be a rich man who is strong enough to master others and end his inferiority in that society. This lead him to pull Hindley to gambling and to inherit Wuthering Heights, he also played a role of love on Isabella who eloped with him to have a son who helped him by tricks to marry young Catherine and to maintain Thrushcross Grang too-"Heathcliff, -Mr. Heathcliff  I should say in future- used the liberty of visiting at Thrushcross Grang cautiously, at first he seemed estimating how far its owner would bear his intrusion. "(Chapter 10: p.82). Catherine Earnshaw has a different role when they learned her to act and wear as a lady of the high class with its different dressing and acting codes, prestige activities and behaviors while she at the same time didn't get rid of all her masculine qualities that added power sense on her character. (Muller, 2012) Edgar was not strong enough in front of her and he tried to please her by any way, "at every meal, Edgar was ready to choke for her absence and pride alone held him from running to cast himself under her feet." (Chapter 12: p100) 

Death yet was the last end for each of Heathcliff and Catherine who although succeeded in the defiance they wanted, they couldn't live together.  The fortune that was made by Heathcliff and let him enter the high class society didn't even satisfy his needs and desires, he worked hard to get the two houses but this didn't give him what he really wanted, Catherine's love. "Is it not sufficient for your infernal selfishness, that while you are at peace I shall writhe in the torments of hell?" (15.28) He feels that he made great efforts to destroy them but didn't get relaxed or happy, his tries and wars to defeat Hindley and get the house didn't satisfy him as he saw it meaningless as Hindley and Catherine died before seeing him do that, perhaps he wished to tell Catherine and Hindley that he is stronger than the class they belong to and that he was able to be owner of all he was deprived from- "Are you possessed with a devil?" he pursued savagely "to talk in that manner to me when you are dying? Do you reflect that all those words will be branded in my memory, and eating deeper eternally after you have left me? You know you lie to say I have killed you." He sees that when Catherine dies she betrays him, she lies there underground in peace and he is tortured with love and depriving from her. The death of Catherine made him weak enough to leave his agony, he returns to be that young child who doesn't need anything from life but to have funny times with Catherine away from people with their racial judgments and views, this raises their moral to join together away from the society "otherness" and displacement based on differences of race, gender and origins. Then the death of Heathcliff gives the answer to all his conflicts as it ends and tells the reader that all human confinement for natural feelings is ended by nature death when love only stays in Hareton and young Catherine . (Asl and Iran, 2013)   

In conclusion, it is important to refer to the strong impact that Wuthering Heights left over readers from all over the world as it is a message to humanity against racism and differentiation, the author presented two main characters that were distinguished by their fights against self-desires, social stigma and love. The novel presented the issue of Victorian age and how the main protagonists of the story faced otherness and displacements beginning from their childhood till they die. Heathcliff conflict to be orphan, gypsy without money or good social origin lead him to master the acts and get the most important things he could but this was in vain when Catherine died and left him defeated by his efforts, his death shows how far human conflicts may be ended when nature take roles and that love can continue.

References

1. Althubaiti, t. (2015). 'Race Discourse in Wuthering Heights.' European Scientific Journal. Vol11. No 8. https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/5265
2. Asl, M. Iran, T. (2012). 'Recurring patterns: Emile Bronte's Neurosis in Wuthering Heights.' International Journal of Education and Literary Studies.Vol2. No1.
3. Leung, W. (2008). ' Re-reading Edgar Linton and Wuthering Heights.' English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 57, Issue 217, 1 January 2008, Pages 4–38, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/efn007
4. Muller, J. (2012). 'Human Nature and Confinement in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.' Journal of STUDENT Research. http://www.jofsr.com/index.php/path/article/view/77/41
5. Srayisah, M. (2017). 'Victorian Women in Literature.' http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/revistadestiintepolitice/files/numarul54_2017/12.pdf
6. Yang, C. (2012). ' A Deleuzian Reading of Wuthering Heights: The Micropolitics of Minorization.' Arts and Social Sciences Journal, Vol. 2012: ASSJ-44 1 http://astonjournals.com/manuscripts/Vol2012/ASSJ-44_Vol2012.pdf

 

 

IKEA Business Functions and Innovation

 IKEA is  considered as one of the most innovative  company  in the field  of furniture industry  all over the world   because  it have great capability  to provide  new ideas , new designs   that add new  values for the consumers   in order to develop the sales  and profitability  . the innovation  in the  IKEA  company  is not limited to  specific department  in the firm but its innovation  is  in all process  in products and strategies as the company depend on producing modern architectural designs, it seek to perform product development in continuous way , and have  great capability to perform cost control. IKEA depends on  innovation designers from different areas  in the world  in order to support  the design innovation  to develop the quality  and wonderful  designs. For example ;  IKEA  has innovated trash bins that measure food waste with specially built  digitalized  or automated scales

B-

There are four business functions ( operations , human resources management  , accounting and finance , and marketing ) that support the performance and productivity of IKEA.  No doubt that there is important role is  played  by the business functions  in IKEA  because  the  Business functions can enable  IKEA  to innovate in many way  in order to be unique .  Each function  from these  functions perform good part  in  providing  a creative solutions to  the  different  problems that face IKEA  during the different activities .  Business functions assists the IKEA  to offer new and  fresh ideas for the managers  in order to enable them to solve the issues  that face the company  and beat the different challenges  in the processes.  The space is opened  by Business Functions in the firm  for   good processes and thought  to appear , improve  and help in achieving the success for the company. Based on the innovation  in operations functions here ;  IKEA is capable of holding a huge stock as the items are stacked in flat way  by digital machines operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. To order to render storage, handling and shipping more cost-effective, IKEA aims to use the cheapest products necessary to produce furniture without sacrificing quality. The innovation marketing ; IKEA is really effective at utilizing social networking. They share on Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter and Pinterest promotion ,  discounts  on sales, updates, news and activities. They respond to their followers . Customers who use IKEA's VR technologies and test the kitchen and prepare it before they purchase it. Innovation in HRM; it promoted employee engagement , they depend on initiative of “life balance and diversity”. Innovation in accounting  ; The high quality of accounting information systems  in is IKEA an significant part of the high financial  performance , they digitalized all accounting process  by depending most innovative software.

Q2

A-

There  are three level of products  ; the core product, the actual product, and the augmented product. The core product of  HAMARVIK mattress is  considered the great benefits  that make the customer more satisfied because it  is designed from  generous layer of soft fillings that provide more  comfort, it is easy to carry . the  Actual product  here is high quality of mattress that we can touch it  and sense  with  a generous layer of soft fillings and Stretch fabric . The augmented product of HAMARVIK mattress is clear such as ; 25 year guarantee,  and  IKEA provide  high customer service   and after-sales service.

 

b-

Undifferentiated targeting relies on targeting wide range of clients , issuing restricted  numbers of products , using all potential  channels  to sell products, and relies on mass media to promote . Concentrated targeting strategy depend   on targeting one defined customer segment , using one product to them, relying on all plausible  media to sell and promote the product, and depending  on one price. The differentiated marketing  depend  on targeting two or more of client segments , imposing  various prices to various segments of clients, relying on all appropriate  distribution channels  that varies  by segment to sell product, and depending on all appropriate media which vary by segment to promote. Customized strategy  is  considered One-to-one marketing, always in a integration with a segment strategy

The case of IKEA, IKEA can use Undifferentiated marketing strategy. IKEA is targeting wide range of client all over the world, producing different products under the brand name “IKEA” such as Kitchenware & tableware, Rugs, mats & flooring,. IKEA also relies on all potential distribution channels all over the world such as in Kuwait. Its promotion depend on mass media such as  TV, radio . Price of IKEA  is considered as one popular price range.   

Q3

1-

The segmentation  strategy of IKEA consist of many customers segments such as  ;  middle class clients  ,  people who prefer modern furniture  & accessories , colorful&  novel items . its  targeting  consist of  ; seeking to attracting persons in ages  , sex ,  place,  as  it target all the consumer who have the common desire  that is  preferring  simplicity  , functionality , and high quality  . it also target people who are single  and have high income  or couples who want to marry .

2-

Positioning is arranging for a product to take and hold a obvious, characteristic, and preferable place if it is matched  with products of competitors in the minds of target clients. Positioning is related with marketing because  marketing  mix is mean that issued by marketers  in order to achieve the common  goals  of drawing good picture in the minds of customers

 

3-

The innovation in IKEA’s products is too risks  and costly , but it is needed to satisfy the needs of consumers . the operations  management  in   IKEA applied  innovation  in the  actual product level   in order to satisfy the sense of the customers  when  the customer test  and touch  the product . so,  there  is no innovation in the  core  product level . they depend on producing new styles  and adding new product   and this issue leaded to increase the products  portfolio  in IKEA to suit with all needs and desires of consumers . IKEA depends on innovation in design to supply customer and shops only with good quality and stunning products. It has developed cost-effective and innovative methods to meet the price and quality expectations of people. They are able to produce a range of items by having their own team of professionals, who will collaborate along with certain designs that will improvise their consumer demands such as designing new styles  sofas , armchairs, and storage furniture. Place; the Marketers of IKEA cooperate efficiently with the operations managers to make certain about enough quantities, suitable outlets and plausible delivery expenses . it have  international  huge distribution network as it have about  340 stores  in  28 nations  , its strategy depend on  having stores  in crowded areas  in the towns  in order to access to customers in simple way  . it has  applied the E-commerce model in about  14 nations  . Price  ; IKEA depend  on cost –based pricing as it matches prices with quality of product . the shipping costs  is reduced because  it depend on flat packing . its product is not costly but it is not cheap either. Promotion;   they depend on TV, print, online ads, billboards ,social media . people  ; it interest  in its people ,whether  customers  or employees . there  is no  discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity and religion. Processes  ; It comprises of 44 production units in 10 nations. By owning sawmills, IKEA manufactures its own wood and quality furnishings. It embraces the motto of a healthy world and buys  its materials from 1,800 products from suppliers, supplies the final product in pieces to be installed by clients that saves money. Physical evidence  ; In about 50 nations, IKEA has more than 350 outlets. IKEA's immense store layouts are physical proof they offer greater than a shopping experience. it provides wide area for parking. These good marketing mix here leaded to  drawing  good picture  about IKEA and  contribute  in brand positioning.

 

Bus310 A Ford case study

 

Q1

Ford is one of the most successful automobile companies internationally. It has main effective keys that it relies on in its industry environment which helped it become at high competitiveness globally.

The company's owners and leaders have enough skills and experiences that make them able to manage the business effectively as the HR managers are highly qualified to recruit effective employees who have the qualifications needed for achieving the organization's goals. An example is Allan Mulally who is the company's chief executive officer who was assigned in 2006 based on the leadership skills he masters and his method in applying the company's culture to maintain the competitive advantage of the company on the global level. Alan Mulally tried to make the company earn higher profits and be more successful through innovative vision called: "ONE Ford." That is based on coordinating between the different departments and sectors in the company. This vision is based on supporting the organization's consistency and coordinating between different divisions in Ford, this makes the HR department able to work in a cooperatively team one team work according to one strategy that aims at achieving one target. He was able to make a plan for using the knowledge of the company about automation and present new innovative cars for the market. He wished to combine all the company's asset in one unit for raising the business level and as a result its revenues and profits and innovate new products for satisfying customers and meeting their needs. He then made different transformations and altering in the company's structure and procedures to improve performance and cutting down jobs to provide new trends and processes. This is made by encouraging the engineers and designers to innovate and provide creative models for cars that can cope with the latest trends and attitudes of customers so as to combine value with trends in addition to saving fuels and presenting creative car designs. (Ally, 2019)   

There are four main factors comprising the general environment which are the political, social, technological and economics. The Political factor depends on the laws and legal situations in different markets the company is dealing with and how far the company can deal with laws legally and face challenges such as the differences in law between China and the USA as there are policies for being eco-friendly and avoiding pollution. The social factor depends on the different social fields that are dealing with the company as the CEO affected them largely when he was assigned in the company, social factor refers also to the different needs of customers based on their social levels that vary. Technological factor relates to the levels of technology the company is following and updating to meet the current revolution in technology and the challenges face the international market and different electric-vehicles and Hybrid ones. The economic factor relates to the economic flourishing or decline around the world, prices of oil, prices of metals and other different materials that are used in manufacturing cars. (Ford,2016).

There were challenges in 2009 in companies of cars such as Chrysler and General Motors as they were filed as being insolvency but the Ford company faced the government and had a loan debt by it. There are companies such as Jaguar, Aston, Volvo and Aston Martin that were sold and couldn't face challenges. Sever competition was faced by Ford and this made it in need to make a balance between value and price to boost other rivals. Mercury was closed too. This made competition higher and more serious between cars companies such as Chrysler and General Motors. New entrants threat became lower as a result of the needed sum of capital for having car companies and this made competition stronger because it was among Ford and great companies. The threat of substitute is low too as a result of global market requirements such as the low request for large autos and the different variety of options presented in the market for customers. Rise in prices of gas made it necessary to have cars that are valuable in using oils and petrol which made the need for fuel-efficient cars rather than luxury cars. These reasons made the company focus on trying to satisfy the customers and provide them many benefits that they can make use of and be attracted to the cars the company innovated. This can be effective in facing the great changes in the market and penetrate it with its developed techniques.

Q2

Speaking about the field of auto industry, there are many resources and different vital assets can help a lot in achieving the organization general goal in which they can play a vital role that help the organization  to stand among other organizations and companies in both the national and international market in order to meet all needs of the market customers. This helps in competiveness between different organizations. The logo of ford has made a great vital reputation among other companies in the international market, that is due to the great effort done over many years. When customers sea the ford logo, they directly feel respect and trust all over the world. presumably that the initiative aptitudes of the officials has powerful influence in achievement of the organization, for example, arrangement of CEO like Alan Mulally who has made a vital role for the organization to hold the main situation in 2006 subsequent to revamping new culture of the organization . The fundamental driver of Ford organization was to create tasks on a consistent premise through numerous issues, for example, ; building up the connection among PC system and assembling; the PC sequencing of cuts and things; improving proposals for effective calculated conveyance; incessantly exploiting activities that are made to create generation.

There is no doubt that engaging the representatives inside passage organization is viewed as one of the most important vital manageable variables that effect on the intensity of the organization in long haul. And to accomplish high performing association, there was compelling organization between organization, workers and associations. This made a great role that leaded to strengthen The learning and information between all levels in the organization . The organization rely upon viable projects of preparing and improvements so as to build up the aptitude of the representatives. The activities in the passage organization are worked in the portage in coordinated and one group premise.

The CEO has evacuated the layers of organization. Rudiments of strengthening incorporated with advancement in innovation have upheld the convergence of proficient information through the firm, this leaded to take care of numerous issues that confronted the organization and built up the profitability. The new technique that has been given was one portage that try to littler and progressively beneficial passage vehicle and make one group for one target. F-Series pickup automobiles have been structured by Ford's manufacturing plants and this upheld the upper hand of the organization. The administration become make extraordinary interests in developing possibilities, especially in zap, self-ruling cars, just as transportation administrations.

Most likely that the patterns of the new CEO "Mulally" is one passage that managed truth of the organization in auto advertise as they went to be the preferable rather over the greater as they wanted to deliver littler and progressively gainful Ford and needed to convey the consistency in all areas of activities in the organization and making the HR cooperating as one group toward one target and one plan . they "coordinated and utilized" the organization's advantages in various territories on the planet . they got working benefit at a lower size. They made basic and procedural adjusting in the passage firm and they upgraded the official announcing associations , shutting a few manufacturing plants, lessen the employments in the organization , and empower the originators through each R&D with tremendous spending plan by 4.5billion so as to react to the adjustments in the preferences and patterns in advances in the automobiles market and this leaded to deliver inventive cars like F-Series and Focus Electric vehicle. They plant use has been expanded by the administration of the organization and creation levels additionally have been boosted in each assembling unit. (Ford,2016). Ford  needs creation capacity in China and expanding its reality in these nations. The hard challenge in showcase where there are contenders that rely upon lean generation . there is failing to meet expectations regions and they haven't put resources into the future and this improve General Motors than portage in the last time frame .

Q3

Business competitiveness requires Ford to provide its clients with value for its goods and activities relate to the products, the company tries to find some certain features to be put in its products in order to meet the individual market needs. The company follows its "One Ford Plan" strategy that is its first business strategy applied by Mulally for confirming the business consistency all over the different branches and divisions of the company. The company tends to apply cooperation among its employees to work as one team who work according to certain goals and one vision to reach competitive advantage. This policy confirmed the company's brand against others in the market and the company wanted to apply its cost leadership strategy in order to reduce costs and raise value of the products to boost the market. The company also has a specific well-defined automotive knowledge added to making deep value of the company assets and different sources to meet the needs of clients.   

Making use of the resources of the company included using low cost resources brought from abroad in addition to applying new technologies and latest updates in the automotive field in order to present innovative ideas by the company's engineers and designers to reach higher levels of strategy such as empowering employees to be creative and provide the products with better suggestions they can innovate. This also included developing the performance of employees by training them and helping them do the right research to be used in manufacturing the cars. The company tried to make its factories and plants highly efficient to satisfy all stakeholders and raise profits at the same time. This included focusing on eco-friendly cars and new vehicles that run on electricity and other renewable sources of energy. (mainlandford, 2019) 

There are two main dimensions the company's corporate strategy is formed of which are the diversification strategy and the vertical integration. Past strategies Ford used included horizontal integration, forward and vertical ones. The company's horizontal integration lead to different acquisitions as Jaguar, Mazda and Mercury. The company also uses retrenchment as a successful strategy for reducing jobs in the company and stopping the work of factories. Diversification is applied by focusing on the extension in different global markets such as China and others. (Buckman,2009).

These strategies have provided Ford with assistance and support that helped in making it reach competitive advantage and be successful in the market as cost leadership enabled Ford to be a market leader in spite of the challenges the company faced such as the financial ones and enlarging the company factories and labs.

Global industry should be a focus for Ford to be stressed on as for example, the Chinese market is in need for being well entered in order to be satisfied. Diversification in strategies is effective in making the company able to choose and change from different strategies as being modernized is another strategy the company should focus on to penetrate markets such as China so future needs to be invested in by innovation and creativity.

References

1.     Ally, M. (2019). ' A critique of Ford’s CEO Alan Mulally’s Approach to Decision Making.' https://www.academia.edu/8284764/A_critique_of_Ford_s_CEO_Alan_Mulally_s_Approach_to_Decision_Making

2.     Buckman, J.. (2009). Ford Finds Its Way. Quality Progress, 42(6), 14-15, ABI/INFORM Global.

3.     Ford . (2016). Ford Corporate, visited in 8-11-2019;  http://corporate.ford.com/company.html

4.     Mainlandford, (2019). ' THE WAY FORWARD; FORD & ALAN MULALLY.' https://www.mainlandford.com/blog/the-way-forward/

5.     McKinsey, (2013). ' Leading in the 21st century: An interview with Ford’s Alan Mulally.' https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/leading-in-the-21st-century-an-interview-with-fords-alan-mulally Accessed in 8-11-2019

6.     Williams, B. (2010). ' Creating and Maintaining and Efficient "Buid Ford Tough" Learning Organization: The Evolution of Organizational Success.' https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266200360_Creating_and_Maintaining_and_Efficient_Buid_Ford_Tough_Learning_Organization_The_Evolution_of_Organizational_Success