BUSINESS PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Project management can be referred to as a process that involves many procedures of organizing, planning, analyzing, controlling and preparing different aspects and protocols of a problem that belongs to individuals or to companies in order to reach specific results set by certain goals. It is also an approach which depends on specific methodologies that work for planning the processes of a specific project from its beginning to its end according to main goals. (Nicholas and Steyn, 2008) There are stages that guide such processes of a project as initiation, setting a plan, execution stage, control stage and the closing stage. This can be applied to any type of different projects. Business project management can be defined as an approach that tends to adapt the processes involved in a business project on strategies and detail action plans that can achieve the business objectives. The project dealt with by the business project management criteria must carry change to the business organization and managing the business project must make use of the available opportunities and be matched with the business statutory requirements. (Nicholas and Steyn, 2008) A business project management must be based on strategic implication to bring the most competitive advantage business outcomes. Cost, time and quality are three main constraints included within any business project management as they are called the project management triangle. Cost management includes budgeting processes, making costs control, estimating costs and planning the budget according to the project needs. Time management is essential for making required analysis for the project as it includes all the needed processes for planning and executing the project stages which are to be timely completed. Time management includes scheduling the project according to deadlines, logic, demands of customers and execution of the project stages. Budgets need to be timely managed in order to avoid bloating of the project. Quality is the degree that requirements of the project need to be achieved at according to some certain required characteristics. Project quality management is the activities that a business organization sets for defining quality measurements, procedures and policies according to the project's needs. The three elements are correlated and connected with each other as they all affect each other. (Stojcetovic, 2014) Project life cycle framework is considered the process that the project depends on to coordinate the processes of the project life cycle as funding, acquisition and the process of developing the system. (Bestpractices.osi.ca.gov, 2014). 

References

1.    Bestpractices.osi.ca.gov, (2014). Best Practices: Project Life Cycle Framework - State of California. [online] Available at: http://www.bestpractices.osi.ca.gov/sysacq/projectlifecycle.shtml [Accessed 31 Dec. 2014].

2.    Nicholas, J. and Steyn, H. (2008). Project Management for Business, Engineering, and Technology: Principles and Practice. Elsevier.

3.    Stojcetovic, B. (2014). Project management: cost, time and quality. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/7051956/Project_management_cost_time_and_quality [Accessed 31 Dec. 2014].

Important Definitions for Nurses

1-Registered Nurse:

A nurse who is well and totally trained and having a certificate of competence such as a Bachelor of Nursing from a university and has the ability to communicate with people in her community in order to provide them with the needed healthcare.

2-Multidisciplinary Team(MDT)

A team of specialists in the healthcare field who work as one unit consisting of many members of professional skilled persons working in the medical field such as a physician, a nurse, a nurse manager, a social worker, a psychologist, a pharmacist and others in order to provide patient with the best care and treatment in order to improve patients' outcomes.

 3-Quality Assurance

It is a process that includes many procedures set with the purpose of reaching excellence in the care and services provided to the patients by training nurses to reach the highest standards of delivering quality patient care in addition to ensuring safety in the care environment.

 4-Care Plan

It is a plan that a nurse prepares for a patient, a family or a community and it outlines what nursing care is going to be provided and how through some organized actions to be implemented by a nurse in order to support the nursing diagnoses and it also helps a nurse when doing the evaluation process.

Nursing Management of Hypertension

Nurses have a great role in providing care for patients with hypertension in addition to the necessity of having the proper skills needed for this job. One of the cardiovascular disease common risk factors is hypertension and this makes it very important to give due care to hypertension diagnosis and this raises the importance of asking a skillful nurse by the patient so as to avoid high blood pressure measurements as blood pressure has to be well and accurately taken before doing any diagnosis and this must happen for three times at least. Each patient has his own blood pressure measurements which let the physician decide the proper treatment whether it was a pharmacological or a nonpharmacological one. A nurse's role here depends on providing the patient with the required support and education in addition to giving the patient advice regarding his or her blood pressure as this includes teaching the patients how to follow on a suitable diet in nutrition, guiding the patient towards doing the proper sport and how to be on the right weight. A skilled nurse also has to advise the patients not to smoke or drink alcohol.The nonpharmacological treatment stresses on physical activities and salt restriction which are two factors that could reduce high blood pressure in addition to stopping smoking. When the hypertension patient stops smoking, blood pressure may be high at sometimes but this risk is better than letting the patient have cardiovascular by smoking that's why it is important for a nurse to educate the hypertension patients how to quit smoking. Avoiding 'white-coatsyndrome is a main reason why a nurse should provide hypertension patients with utmost care that depends on blood pressure standardized measurement.

Nurses can work within a team in order to participate in hypertension care as this can include home visitations, interventions and follow up programs which increases the success of nursing interaction with patients as nurses' job is not only a coordinator into the team but also a nurse is a translator who can convey the messages of physicians to patients such as educating them how to follow a special diet and what suitable medications can be taken and explain too them the benefits of such medications.

Nursing care for hypertension patients includes many kinds of programs as a nurse can work by herself following a special program which is detailed with the necessity consultation of physicians when needed and this can be added to the nursing follow up visits which could be every three months and this technique enables the nurse to encourage the patients to change their lifestyles sooner and be responsible for their health and improvements.University courses are very important to be given to nurses who are prepared to work in hypertension care in order to enhance their professionalism in the nursing field and to be at a high standard of quality.

 Procedural techniques are important to be explained to such nurses who also should be educated how to communicate with the patients putting in their considerations the differences among their patients such as their cultural backgrounds, religions, educational level and the degree of the disorder.  

  

  

Nursing Care for Digestive and Gastrointestinal disorders

The (GI) tract has many abnormalities which can leave their effects on other organs of the body such as bleeding, inflammation, perforation, cancer and obstruction for example. The gastrointestinal tract can have circulatory disturbances and can get aged. The normal function of the GI can be affected by many factors which leave symptoms such as anxiety and stress. In some cases, there are born babies with GI tract malformations which are not very common and prematurity is not considered a main cause for them, they can be anywhere and ranging in severity as they could be minor or very serious. Treatment by surgical operations is an effective solution for them and there is a good chance that the baby could lead a normal life later and pass the normal development procedures like any other child but there are some GI tract malformations which leave serious outcomes on the child.  Nursing care for patients with GI tract problems is very important and each case needs special care, for example; patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders such as those having them in the mouth need high nursing care which includes a special nursing care plan as the disorder could include infection, inflammation and neoplastic lesions or Pathophysiology which could be caused by irritants or mechanical trauma or Manifestations as the patient suffers great pains. Collaborative care is highly needed in order to detect any problems through the intensive observation for the patient and there must be treatments that include mouth cleansing which are chosen according to each  case so as not to cause pain for the patients. The nursing care goal here is to reduce the patients feelings of pain, reduce the symptoms and insure that the patient is able to eat and swallow drinks easily and safely. A patient is asked by the nurse to stop smoking, stop eating spicy foods or drinking alcoholic substances. Straws using is effective when learnt by a skilled nurse.  

Preeclampsia

What is Preeclampsia?

Women in pregnancy are liable to be affected with many health diseases and there are conditions when complications occur and affect pregnant women. Preeclampsia is a very severe problem that affects pregnant women as it is a complication that happens to many pregnant women around the world. Many scientists and researcher have worked hard to know about its diagnosis, symptoms and treatment and they tried hard to reach a definition for it, it could be defined as a condition that affects women after their pregnancy with twenty weeks or six weeks after giving birth to the child and it is characterized by finding a hypertension and proteinuria. It does not have a clear known defined cause yet. It is also accompanied by high blood pressure and could lead to the death of the mother and the fetus.    

Diagnosis of Preeclampsia

When a case of hypertensive occurs to the pregnant mother associated with proteinuria and sometimes edema accompanies them then preeclampsia is medically diagnosed. Before pregnancy it is not a necessary to find high blood pressure in a woman who is affected with preeclampsia but during pregnancy a woman with preeclampsia usually has high blood pressure measures. When a urine sample of a pregnant woman which is a twenty four hour one, shows having protein milligrams that are about 300 or more so preeclampsia is diagnosed and if the amount of protein in the uria exceeds 5000 mg the case is considered severe and it is also severe when the blood pressure is more than 160/110mmHg. Eclampsia is one of the disease's complications if left without treatment.

Symptoms of Preeclampsia:

There are many probable symptoms for preeclampsia such as high blood pressure and proteinuria in some cases and in other cases the disease is not discovered till late stages of pregnancy which requires pregnant women to be cautious and monitor themselves well with following with a good care provider. Another sign of having preeclampsia is having severe edema on hands or face and also gaining weight rapidly can be a sign of having preeclampsia. Vomiting and nausea can also be monitored as signs of preeclampsia as well as some vision changes and some pains in different places of the body such as back pain or shoulders pain or headaches.  

Risk Factors for Development of Preeclampsia:

There are a big number of risk factors associating preeclampsia such as some risk factors which could be controlled as activity level, patient weight and diet but there are other risk factors which seem to be difficult to be controlled as renal disease,  insulin resistance, diabetes,  heart disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, vascular disease, previous preeclamptic pregnancies, autoimmune diseases and multiple pregnancies.  

How to Manage Your Business Human Resources

What is meant by human resources?

One important asset of any company or business is its human resources which is a term used to refer to the company's employees of all areas and from all levels, it means those people who work in a company and must be a strong resource for its profits, earnings, competitive advantage, high ranked levels of success and good reputation.

How to invest in human resources?

Investing in human resources is a very essential matter for any business that seeks success and have its own inspirations for coping with the biggest companies in the market, this means to look forward to having extra gained points and extra profits by working on promoting the human resources of the company and making them feel job satisfied, investing in human resources involving providing the company's employees with the salaries they deserve, motivation tools, job upgrading opportunities, training programs, any information required for improving their job performance and all comfortable luxuries such as food, drinks, suitable places to work in, breaks, plane tickets, vacancies, weekends, promotions and awards when doing special jobs in addition to providing them with chances to discuss their opinions regarding the work, listen to their suggestions, respect them and encouraging them to be creative by making work competitions. This leads the employees feel belonging to the company which reduces human resources turnovers and make the human resources a main part of the business as they get some of the extra profits they bring to the business. By doing this, the business is spending extra expenses on its human resources but at the same time the profits are rapidly increasing and the business could reach the required competitive advantage among other companies in the market.

Functions of the Human Resources Department

Any successful company has a special department for its human resources as there are many different functions performed by the human resources department of any business such as manpower planning, job analysis, job description, determining salaries, doing the recruitment and selecting tasks, doing the processes of performance appraisal, providing the company with training programs, motivating the employees, addressing employees' grievances, implementing new and most relevant organizational policies, managing the requests of employees, providing opinion reports and questionnaires for the employees to learn about their job satisfaction levels and their inspirations, monitoring and guiding employees to encourage them to do better in work, writing reports about the employees' performance and doing the dismissing tasks when necessary. 

Cerebral Palsy

WHAT IS CEREBRAL PALSY?

Cerebral palsy is a term used by the public to refer to a neurological condition that affects the human body and it involves a developmental disability and a damage that cause some dysfunctions which vary according to the place and the degree of the damage which occurs in the developing brain and this case affects the patient's muscle coordination as well as the patient's normal movement. This case usually affects the child during birth or after it with little time and then the child suffers slow motor development related to muscles' weakness which results into a difficulty in walking and having balance which affects the whole family psychologically besides the retard in the child's psychological state.

WHAT CAUSES IT?

 Most cases of cerebral palsy affect fetus before birth time due to a problem in the brain development which occurs in a specific part of the brain so development stops being normal. It could be caused by a shortage in oxygen supply during pregnancy or an infection. Yet sometimes no cause are specified for cerebral palsy but birth complications can lead children to have it, among such complications are during delivery asphyxia. Head trauma could also be one of the reasons for having cerebral palsy in children during delivery.  

TYPES OF CEREBRAL PALSY

Cerebral palsy is of three main types and there are conditions that mix between two types. The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy and it affects the body in one side or in both sides, the muscles become contracted bending the limb. Another type is athetoid which is also called dyskinetic cerebral palsy  which leads to slowing in muscles and the whole body is affected by it and it leads to writhing hands and arms movements that are lessened when the child sleeps and are high when the child is stressed. Speech could also be affected by it. The rarest type is ataxic cerebral palsy which affects coordination and balance as it causes problems in the child's motor skills.   

Should every college student take a course in public speaking?

Every college student is practicing class presentation which mainly requires public speaking besides other aids which could be visual, audible or others. To present a speech or a project into class and face class mates is not an easy task and most students hate it but it is a very essential part of most college programs. This gives an answer for the main question of this assignment which is:  Should every college student take a course in public speaking? The answer is Yes of course.

There are many reasons for taking a course in public speaking as any student needs to learn how to face an audience, learn tools of speech and practice it. Joining a speaking circle can enhance the presentation skills of students, encourage them to use all potentials and abilities they have and this can happen through earning how to use gestures, word influence, intonation, humor and body movements to affect their listeners, this helps students when they present their projects and when they share in college's events and activates as their communicative abilities are raised and strengthened besides having enough self confidence through the good training courses on public speaking. In colleges, students could be asked to share in debate events or interpretation events which could include oral interpretations so a student is in need for having a good course in public speaking where he or she can be well prepared for real life situations when an event which involves public speaking activities is like a burden without learning how to act and react with others.

Even If the student is having the public speaking craft and is gifted with the oral abilities and self confidence, a course in public speaking will add much experience to such a student as well as adding extra skills that can help the student get good education outcomes.

Family Centered Nursing Care for Burnt Children

Social awareness in many countries which are economically advantaged helped creating the concept of family centered care because this kind of care is a comprehensive one which provides care for both the patient and the members of the patient's family and it considers the psychological needs of the patient alongside with the patient's developmental needs. This could be achieved via family centered care basic focus on the role of the patient family as the family can be of great help to the patient well being and health promotion. When family centered nursing care is presented to children, it is very important to focus on monitoring them so as not to be injured or burnt as burns are so common in children. Burns injury can affect many areas and levels of the children's skin as they are of many types and could be caused by different reasons such as fires, touching hot surfaces, touching a bare electrical cord, electricity, chemicals, scalds and radiation. Hot tubes can be a common source for scalds which is very common in children as they could occur when a child under five years drinks very hot things, touches a hot tube or eating something which is very hot. A child who is older than five years is more liable to burns that happen as a result for direct contact with fire. It is a good thing that burn injuries are easy to be cured by a general pediatric practitioner who can deal with them in outpatient settings but it is a fact that some burns are very sever and serious with the need for long term treatment. Scarring could be an example of this. A good nurse needs to be well trained on how to manage such burns, deal with the patient and educate the family of the patient about how to deal with the patient with the burn injury. The danger of adverse outcomes can be raises if the patient is not receiving the proper care via all the care providers which makes it an essential matter for a nurse to be well prepared for such a task. A care provided by a nurse for a patient with a burn involves changing the dressings and it is very important for the burns nursing staff to ask the patient's family members to attend the process of changing the dressings to the burnt patient so as to let them watch how this occurs professionally by a skilled nurse. A well set care plan must be made for such nursing intervention which helps the family of the patient receives enough information about the care provided for the patient which raises their care awareness and builds good communication therapeutic relationships between the nurse and the patient as well as the patient's family and this also increases their satisfaction of the service provided for the patient. It is important for a burns nursing staff to consider the bio psychosocial impact of both the patient specially if the patient is a child besides that of the patient's family.   

Business Analysis

Economy is a field that needs companies and business institutions to be competitive in order to face the great market races among different business entities and this raises the importance of business analysis in order to understand the business needs and work directly to achieve them without wasting time in working on the wrong problems or repeating the same done work. To discuss business analysis, it is should be first defined as a system of research which recognizes the main needs and requirements of the business, identifying problems and suggest the perfect and most suitable solutions to them. Solutions can be of many aspects such as developing the main components of the systems, improving the business processes, upgrading the business techniques to cope with the state of the art technologies in the market, achieving planned organizational change and doing the strategic plans required to reach competitive advantage in the relevant business field. This returns back with great benefits for the company and it also saves the company efforts and time. Business analysis is usually done by a business analyst who can work in technology progress and analyzing technical issues to be a technical business analysis or to develop the software of the system to be an IT business analyst and there are also other types of business analysts regarding to the kind of analysis they perform in the company. Requirement analysis is usually heavy and overlapping, however, its main task is to achieve specified strategic goals via applying some organizational changes in almost all parts of the business and its policies.        

The Importance of Nursing Interventions in Heart Failure

To define heart failure or Cognitive Heart Failure, it is important to refer to it as a condition of the heart disability of meeting the body metabolic needs via pumping the needed amount of blood to it and it is a physiologic state that occurs to human body due to changing functions of the left ventricle systolic and diastolic. The normal blood volume is very essential for the body and when it is difficult to manage it by the hear, heart failure occurs. Some diseases can cause it as intrinsic disease. Heart failure is not a disease specifically and there are some other conditions that helps its development as such conditions could share in the heart damage or weakness which leads the heart to the state of disability to pump blood. Heart muscles may be weak , ventricles may dilate and failure occurs. Not all cases of heart failure are congestive as a person may only suffer breath shortness or weakness due to heart failure but not a must to have fluid building up. Right side, left side or both heart sides could be affected by the heart failure but the left side is the most frequent begin of heart failure. A specialist nurse can be very helpful in cases of heart failure as she can provide the patient with health care that could cover any deficiencies in the medical care provided to him or her. Routine care must be allied with the nursing interventions which proved to reduce relevant death cases to chronic heart failure. Nursing interventions related to heart failure states can include contacting patients by telephones and planned home visitations in order to provide them with the best education regarding treating heart failure and how to deal with the situation as well as encouraging patients to follow a special dietary system that helps them to be cured soon and to take the needed drugs for treatment besides following a sporting exercise program suitable for their health condition. Self management is also taught via nursing interventions as a patient needs to know how to monitor his case and early detect any signs of heart failure. A nurse should be helped by the work of other members in the multidisciplinary team specially social workers and psychologists who can provide patients with psychological help when needed. A nurse can do the routine hospital interventions which include assessing the patient's heart rhythm and frequency, assessing the pallor and cyanosis skin, recording sounds of the heart as well as ensuring that the patient is receiving care in a clean safe comfortable care environment in heart failure 1 which differs in heart failure2 and 3. When the nursing interventions done specifically and carefully by a specialized nurse who is well acknowledged with the nursing role, readmission risks can be reduced in the hospital as well as reducing deaths rates specially in old aged patients. Nursing interventions in heart failure cases are very important specially when the case is still in the beginning as educating the patient to follow a diet and do some exercises can help a lot in preventing future patient complications.   

Intestinal Parasites

According to (Bundy, 1997) the world is encountering a great problem and it is apparent specifically in developing countries as it is the intestinal parasites which represents a great health problem that needs much work from researchers. Reports issued by the World Health Organization, 1999 show that yearly there are deaths caused mainly by parasitosis as well as infectious and this happens to an estimated number of three million persons every year.(WHO, 1999) Intestinal Parasites are of two main kinds which are protozoa and helminthes which are many cells containing worms such as pinworms, tapeworms and roundworms which are very common in USA. They do not have the ability of multiplying in human bodies when they are in their adult state. It is only one cell that forms the protozoa which has the ability of multiplying into human bodies which is a very serious case of developing infections into human bodies. Infections via faces specially are most common for getting infected by intestinal parasites such as getting contact which is direct with an infected person.  Such as any other health conditions, intestinal parasites have symptoms and signs that distinguish them from other diseases while parasites can spend years living in a human intestine with no clear symptoms. Symptoms can appear as diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, bloating, gas, weight loss, tiredness, tenderness, dysentery or passing a worm into one's stool. Intestinal parasites are caused by many things but there are specific things that raise the risk of having it such as going to a place that is carrying parasites, being in a poor hygiene areas, having AIDS or HIV or having an immune system which is weak.A healthcare provider when diagnoses if a patient has intestinal parasites or not asks a patient about losing weight, traveling and asks the patient to make some tests such as fecal testing, the "Scotch tape" test and x-rays in serious conditions. Intestinal parasites could be treated via many ways such as drug therapies, conventional medical treatments and alternative methods of treating will be used by a healthcare giver in order to treat the patient and this depends on each individual condition.

  

Electronic Marketing

In the past, marketing depended mainly on exporting and importing processes in order to distribute goods to as many people as possible locally and internationally through making advertising campaigns for the products in newspapers, on TV, in magazines, in streets, via post mailing and in local communities campaigns. It was difficult for some small businesses to market their products internationally as international marketing depended on traveling abroad, using telephone services which were very expensive and it could not also access to remote places of the world but this has changed today due to the revolution of communication which resulted in various aspects of marketing that depended on communications of this age such as mobiles, faxes and internet services such as e-mails for example. This essay is going to discuss what is known today with electronic marketing which has changed the lives of many people who turned to be rich through their efforts in electronic marketing.

There are many people who defined electronic marketing and some of them referred to it by email marketing because it is simply marketing a product through using the email services via sending a message to people's emails, a message that contains a commercial content aiming at a specific commercial target. The use of emails within electronic marketing is very vast and comprehensive as such commercial emails could differ in their contents, for example; some companies prefer to send emails that contain advertisements of their products, donations, sales and offers can be included in the emails. Listing and database building are very essential steps for electronic marketing as business entities give them great interest as such lists could include the current clients of a business company or the scales of interested people in a certain field that the business deals with so renewing and updating them is very important. Email marketing could be of two main types which are the direct emails or the transactional ones. There are advantages and disadvantages for email marketing just as any thing else, among the advantages are that the fast immediate reach for anyone's email which saves the company's time and efforts, it is considered a marketing strategy that is very profitable for any business, the low costs compared with the post mail, the good number of people who chose to subscribe to receive such emails and get offers in time and the fame of digital marketing among internet users who are the majority of people on earth today. Yet there are also disadvantages for such kind of marketing as the illegal marketers who force people to receive their emails and sometimes to deceive them to buy bad products or may be to steal their bank accounts, hack their computers and cause many other harms to them. Spam laws must be more strict with those people who try to deceive others via email marketing. Email marketing or electronic marketing is a very useful strategy for marketing any kind of services or products even if the business is very small but it is important to get a legal mail list and to stop bother others who are not interested with the spam emails.    

Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance(QA) has been a very essential matter for all business entities, institutions, organizations and any company today that seeks success, having a good fame and reputation, be respectable by its clients and reach the global measurements of quality that ensures the services provided for customers who now trust such accreditations and certificates that ensures quality of a specific organization or institution. All fields of business now seek and look forward to having the certificates of quality such as ISO and others. There are many other important issues relevant to quality assurance such as safety ensuring, risk management and human resources care, these relevant issues must be put into consideration of management systems and administrative staff of any organization that looks forward to getting the quality assurance high levels. There are important factors and essential steps that an organization must pass before getting the accreditation and quality certificates such as being tested at many levels of quality by experts who follow certain procedures to judge the quality of an organization. To reach quality  assurance, any organization must check the quality of its assets and facilities in order to specify the shortage and put a strategy plan for doing the needed amendments and changes in these areas that need such changes. All staff members and administrators must cooperate in order to identify the shortage and put the changing plan which must be agreed by everyone and supervised while being achieved by the administrators and managers who guide individuals towards achieving the changes that ensure quality achievement. Excellence in all the company's component is a main goal that must be reached as much as possible as current condition and situation of the company is measured and analyzed so as to do the changes that lead to this excellence. The organization must follow specific steps to reach excellence beginning with setting a main goal for the organization then putting a strategic plan depends on cooperation and after that analysis must be done and changes are specified and at last after doing the changes, an evaluation process must be performed to check the validity of work and to measure the excellence level of the organization. Changes, amendments and improvements done in the business help it to promote itself, be progressed and reach high levels of competitive advantage among other rivals in the market and this ensures quality which raises the company's opportunities in success and in gaining profits besides having a good reputation in the market signed with the best service delivery for its clients. Competition forces any business entity to give great attention to details and to monitor how tasks are performed by the individuals who represent the company's human resource. Human resources must be given great interest and care in order to work in teams effectively and to have job satisfaction that enables them to provide the best services they can and to feel belonging to the organization which raises the company's chance in success and reach quality assurance in all its components.   

Outsourcing

Outsourcing is a term used in the field of business, among entities and business companies and it means to deliver business processes or a part of them to a third party to be contracted on and this process could lead to great changes in the business organization such as moving the company's main assets and staff to another company, the contracting third party. This process is meant for the company welfare as it helps increase profits of the company due to the activities of the third party in marketing and procurement. The outsourcing process could be made as to deliver responsibility to a local company or to a foreign one, off shoring is sometimes included in such a process as well as relocation from one country to another. Outsourcing and off shoring depend mainly on the savings that belong to low labor rates. Outsourcing depends sometimes on online technologies which enables businessmen to manage their work virtually such as the business of designing websites and managing them as all details of business can be managed online which saves a lot of human resources costs. You might ask a question which is why companies do such an outsourcing practice for its business? The answer is included in the fact that the company here seeks reducing costs as getting rid of taxes, costs of high energy machinery and human resources costs. United States companies are the most companies to get benefits from outsourcing as U.S rates and taxes are known to be very high. The opposite of outsourcing is insourcing which means to bring processes for the company by a third party which could be a company and it sometimes includes vertical integration. When a company has a sort of shortage in skills or experiences in a specific business part, it is said that outsourcing can help improve the status of the company regarding that part of business. Outsourcing must follow an environmental policy so as to keep environmental standards on a good acceptable level. Outsourcing has worked to level what is known as global inequalities which are related to what outsourcing lead to of industrialization and deindustrialization. 

Management Information Systems

MIS is a system that depends mainly on computers and this system is established for the purpose of providing managers with all means of managing, evaluating and organizing the company or the organization work in its departments in a computer-based easy technique. This system is designed to improve the efficient strength of the department by having a strong wide software system includes programs for databases, decision making programs, human resources management and projects management as well as being supported by a hardware system for resources and all additional process, systems and programs that help raise the organization and the department efficiency. Each MIS department within an organization has its own manager who is responsible for studying the technology systems of an organization besides identifying the obstacles that may hinder the work in the organization, analyze them, and evaluate them to find proper solutions for them with the help of suitable advanced computer applications. The importance for having MIS within organizations of all types and specialists today has been increasing these days for many reasons. There are many challenges that face the business organizations of today, all businesses have their own websites which needs management to let the company reach market competitive advantage and be well ranked among other entities. Complex decisions that modern managers have to make today requires them to be able to access wide areas containing huge amounts of information which could be facilitated by the management information systems within the organization. Business running dynamics have been changed greatly as a result of MIS which changed them a lot, for example: decentralization is a matter that helped a lot for giving managers more spaces of time to do more strategic activities by its role of operations monitoring. MIS can also reduce the load of information in the organization. There are many management levels to use MIS to provide the business organization with future support for decision making procedures, goals achieving practices and support financial accounting systems. To be effective in their work, MIS have to include the operations time frames and presentation formats and they have to be suitable for each operation. There are manual systems and operative ones for getting and developing the MIS and they can be used each one separately or to be both combined together. Each institution or an organization has its own targets, goals and missions that need to be met by those Management Information Systems as MIS which are effective provide a strong support for the delivery of the business organization outputs effectively that's why it is essential to access such systems easily within the organization at all levels that seem to be appropriate. Each institution has its own general strategy and general risk management strategy that considers MIS as a main part of that strategy and a critical one that MIS are used for reducing risk potentials and manage them. MIS helps also in the planning process of an organization but accurate control procedures must be set for ensuring accuracy and reliability of the information and so as to avoid errors or irrelevant data. Each business organization has to set a MIS strategy for its all benefits. 

Shakespeare's Hamlet," The Mystery of Death"

Hamlet is puzzled, thinking of death as an idea specially after the death of his father. Over the play course and throughout its time periods, he has many perspectives for death considerations. Death in Hamlet's insider is of two sides, the physical and the spiritual. His father's murder was a transformation point that raised his inner feelings with death. There are other themes in the play which are connected to death such as truth, existence, uncertainty and spirituality as Hamlet's deep questions can be answered if all discussed from the death consideration. Hamlet's world which is ambiguous and gloomy can not provide him with problem solutions that he needed. Revenge and justice achievement are also all connected to the theme of death. Committing suicide which is one's death is also a puzzling matter to Hamlet who questions himself about his existence value and whether he was vain or not. Yet taking actions was difficult for Hamlet which made him suffer more and have more complex feelings as he did not fear what comes after death. "To be or not to be, that's the question". Hamlet, the boy that soliloquies exhausted him in his very young age had many questions and inquiries but all are connected to death.    

SEO

 SEO refers to the initials of Search Engines Optimization which is a process that is being performed to change or affect a web page visibility on search engines in order to be better appearing when searching for or when words or pictures or videos on the page are looked for. When the page is more likely to be viewed, this means more visits and a better page rank. SEO is a marketing strategy based on the work of search engines and the key words people search. Keywords are important in SEO. Targeted audience is addressed and editing is a main step when optimizing a website. Coding and HTML are basic factors that need SEO work so as to increase levels of relevance of the page to the main issues appearing in keywords as SEO improves the indexing process which raises backlinks number which is one of the SEO strategies. SEO began in late 1990s by early webmasters as they tried to make their pages better by crawlers and indexers. As to SEO practicing, it is interesting. 

Organizational Change

Change is a necessity for elevation as for example, change in an organization must lead to development, to a higher level than the real existed one. Change can be made in any department in the organization by any of its members. Managers are the most important persons to encourage other employees to do changing steps yet they have to explain why changes are going to be made, what benefits are going to be gained out of change and how such changes can be achieved. An employee has to cope with changes made in the organization so as to keep the job he or she masters and to be promoted due to working for the welfare of the organization. Change needs many things in order to be well performed such as delivering the tasks specifically on all employees, specifying all steps needed to reach successful change and doing the change on the exact suitable timing for it. Change sometimes is radical and then it is called transformation. Change may be required to replace retarding parts of the business with progressive ones and sometimes it is rejected by some employees but competitive leaders can perform change with neglecting this resistance. There are many areas of change such as technological change, strategic change or people change. There are techniques for managing change such as learning everything and understanding the current situation of the business and analyze it in order to identify all weak points and problems faced by the organization and hindering its progress, stating the future wishes and ambitions is also another technique to set all future desires required to make the business reach its extreme success and competitive advantage in the market. Ordering the steps of change is a must when trying to implement a change even if it is small so as to prepare everything needed to perform such change effectively. Change can be a tool for leading a company towards development and success or to lead it to failure which occurs when change is not performed as planned and not made for the purposes set before so any company that try to implement change has to be cautious when it thinks of performing change.    

Business Administration

The study of business administration has been very important nowadays for all business entities. To study business administration, this means to get a program that includes leadership roles for students to play in business situation and to be prepared for real roles in the business world. To study business administration, this means to be provided by all the needed skills in business such as the analytical and perceptual skills as well as having abilities to make decisions, make assessments and evaluation processes. Each student who study business administration must have a career goal, looking forward for the best financial institutions and have an idea about the famous good firms where the student can get a job opportunity after finishing the required course of education. Business administration has many major interests such as human resources, procurement, feasibility studies, business, managing business successfully, competitive advantage, marketing, secretary,  banks and many other topics that are important in business. There is a strong relation between business administration and management, business administration relates to those people who are responsible for making business plans or those policy makers who do researches and think in order to set the main aims for the company then comes the management role which is executing the administrative aims for the business. Working in a company, firm, entity or any other business institution or organizations requires good study for business administration and business management. Sales and marketing is a very important branch of the business administration processes and it has many specific topics to be studied such as purchasing, retailing and market plans. Human resources takes a great part in the study of business administration as they are considered an important asset for any business that seeks success and reaching a good level in the business market as well as a good reputation.    

The Importance of Nursing Interventions

Nursing interventions are regular visits nurses do for the patients whether at hospitals or at patients homes so as to follow the patients' cases and present the special treating courses needed for the patients. Such interventions have special classification systems that are prepared in most advanced countries in the medical organizations that have professional nurses, all nurses can use such standardized systems in order to provide the patients with the high level qualified caring which improves the patients quality of life and that promise with a better comfortable healthy period of treatment for the patients. Nursing interventions have four min stages which are: the assessment, planning, treatment implementations and evaluation. In ach stage the nurse has specific points and procedures that should be done in order to specify what is exactly needed to be done and what treatment should be provided for the patients each and then at last to evaluate the patient's case and see if the interventions were successfully done or not. Work of the nurse can be done individually or within a team. A multidisciplinary tem that consists of many specialists including nurses is a good idea. This makes no difference with the work of nursing interventions, it is the same in both cases. The nurse responsibility is the most important when coming to interventions as nurses are those who care for monitoring the patient case, recording all changes and also educating the patient and his or her family about the disease and how to manage it. Things like referrals, counseling, medication administrating, advocacy of the patients and other medical steps which could be minor are all included within nursing interventions. This all done in order to prepare the patient for being ready to manage the disease or he pain and keep a case of stability that helps doctors complete the treatment procedures easier. Another important factor that nursing interventions have is the process of evaluation for the treatment and for the patient case. Nurses can ask for the help of other professionals if the patient case needs this and they should be working in a secured safe quiet and clean environment in order to let them present their best without having any stress or anxiety. Student nurses can share in such interventions so as to make a nursing plan and know methods and theories about how to assess patients in such interventions, they have to work within teams and get their experiences in order to be able to face medical and nursing difficult situations and be prepared for interactions with patients, their relatives and their families. Nursing interventions must be given the ultimate care and interest by all nursing schools and hospitals.     

Marketing Communications

Marketing communications have many tools which are important for business entities and organizations that seek competitive advantage among other organizations in the market. Among these tools there are media advertising such as television channels, radio advertisements, paper magazines, paper newspapers and other online magazines and newspapers. Another tool is the direct response and interactive advertising techniques such as online advertisements as well as direct mails and telephones. Place advertising is a good tool also which includes bill boards, bulletins, posters and cinema ads. There is also the technique of point of purchase advertising which focuses mainly on external store signs, shopping cart ads, radio and television ads. A tool is trade and customer which means the oriented promotions such as trade deals, samples, premiums and coupons which could be presented for customers in order to attract them so as to tempt them by the free materials and offers with the good prices as well. Event marketing and sponsorships is an another tool that concentrates mainly on shows, sport events, theatre shows, art shows or any other gathering places to put big advertisements for fans there. The personal selling is considered a direct and difficult tool which sometimes could bring good results when choosing the right persons to perform the tasks asked by the advertisers in order to attract customers according to how far the persons who do the tasks are convincing. 

Writing a research paper

Writing a research paper is an easy task if you know how to manage it, what to do, when and why you are writing. Research papers are written for educational and research purposes so you have to set notes before doing anything. First bring some cards and write down your own ideas about the topic you are going to write about. It is better to begin earlier than you have decided to begin writing in order to leave time for revising and editing your work. Secondly, arrange the cards on which ideas are on then begin searching for resources that will help you with your research. Remember to gather and discover as many resources as possible even if not used as references, you can put them in the bibliography list at last. Some people say that you can delay writing the introduction and the abstract to the end when you have finished your papers as you will be able to write a good introduction for your work. Choose a good style for writing which could be APA or MLA style, usually it is better to double space your writing from choosing the double spacing option from the format list in Word program. Do not write many things n the introduction but summarize your ideas and organize them then present for your work and explain if there are chapters and the numbers of chapters in your research. Do not write in the paper you are supposed to present but in a draft paper. Choose a good writing format which is usually Arial or Times New Roman 12 or 14. Titling your research is a very important point so choose a good title which is a step that could be also delayed when you finish but I think it is better to find a good suitable title and subtitles before writing. Begin writing the draft from the sources you chose and remember to paraphrase and summarize using your own language as much as possible or you can put the copied text in quotation marks and refer it to its source as research has ethics such as copyrights and intellectual properties that any researcher has to put in mind while writing a research. Leave margins to let your instructor mark and comment on your work. When you finish writing, you have to edit your work and omit or add whatever you think more suitable and proper. Be careful as some researches need to be written in a specific number of words or pages assigned by the teachers. Correct errors of spelling and grammar as much as possible and then write a good conclusion that summarizes what you have done with some own views as well as some critical points and a future look of yours. Remember to reference your work with adding any suitable bibliography you used or read fast about the research topic. Be accurate and present your paper in a time prior to the specified deadline in order to do any asked modifications by your teacher. 

Nurses Role in hospitals

Nurses play great roles in hospitals as no hospital can do without them. They are the main tools that are motivated towards achieving hospitals' competitive advantage as well as patients' better outcomes. Any hospital that seeks promotion, good reputation and a high rank among other hospitals must give great care to nurses at first. A nurse is a hospital mirror; she has to be clean, neat, tidy, and polite. She must be conducted, hard worker, accurate, dutiful, faithful and acknowledgeable. Supervision on nurses must be periodically by specialists who are able to assess and evaluate nurses' performance and level of professionalism well. The assessment process depends on main stages and the first step to be done after assessing the nurses' performance is their training. Nurses' training can be done at any time of the day according to the time schedule of their work. Nurses are divided into groups of levels. Professionals are those who have to provide nurses of all levels with the needed training. Training must include specific professional side as well as the administrative sides. Educating nurses is essential as they have to be acquainted with all updates, latest technology and all relevant information about diseases, prevention and pain management besides teaching them how to deal with chronic diseases patients. Working within a multidisciplinary team is important for nurses who can learn and get more experiences from all members of the team. A multidisciplinary team which consists of physicians, psychotherapists, psychologists, social workers, pharmacists and nurses can share experiences and knowledge about diseases, patients and updated technologies and methodologies to cure or reduce illness and achieve better outcomes which is a goal that all hospitals seek and work for. Nurses role in hospitals is not less important than anyone's role yet more crucial and effective. A patient spends more time with nurses than with doctors or relatives of the patient. Nervous stressed busy nurses usually lead patients to retard and bring bad reputation for the hospitals they are working in. It is important to give nurses organized work schedules that help them overcome the work environment obstacles which may limit their positive activities while doing their interventions for their patients. A nurse role is far from giving medicine to the patients or following their medical status, it is a vital and basic factor of success that improves patients' quality of life as well as improving the hospital level of performance.  

Team Management

Managing a team is a very essential matter in human resource management in all companies, schools, banks or any other organization. Managers have to know everything about the team, individuals' wishes, needs and aspirations.Managing a team does not mean to be aggressive and cruel with those under the managers supervision, on the contrary, a successful manager has to be close of all members, understand their ideas and try to satisfy their needs. Any requests must be revised and discussed in the team meetings. There must be time for presenting new ideas, new suggestions and finding suitable solutions for problems. Team management has factors that can make it successful such as :

1-Involving the team members in making decisions related with the organization.

2-Satisfying the team members' basic needs.

3-Having the spirit of love and co-operation within the team members and the managers of the teams.

4-Giving the members time for having fun and rest.

5-Motivating the team members by awards and prizes.

6-Giving warns before applying any punishment.

7-Discussing the obstacles that may hinder the work of the team.

Any successful manager should consider the previous considerations when dealing with the team members in order to achieve success. 

Earn thousands of dollars easily

Is it true? Can I get dollars through the net? I can't work out of my home? How can I get some more cash through the net? Can I find a job online or it is all fake? Here we are going to answer your questions, providing many ways to get money while sitting at home. By the way it is a little bit tiring, it needs some hard work by you, so just be patient and listen to my words. Believe me it really works. The most reliable way to get money online in my opinion is finding an online job. To find a job, you need to be talented in some fields or even one. You can learn to do something you love as there are examples for online jobs as follows: The first thing you have to do is to identify your talents and enhance them. You may work as

1- Translator ........If you have two languages with good level mastering them.
2- Writer..............If you are able to write by your own words or rewrite other articles in your own words.

3-Proofreader.
4-Designer..........If you are good at arts and you are mastering at least one program such as photoshop and illustrator.

5-Online secretary...............some website owners need people to search for pictures, sites, find information and other simple tasks for their business.

6-Tutor...............................If you can find a quiet place and good computer with good adsl and of course something to teach, any thing, languages, sewing, cooking or any other experience you master.

7-Blogger..........................it resembles being a writer as you can fill up others' blogs with topics and posts.

8- Website owner.............provide readers with the knowledge you have, then build up your website and begin earnings from ads.

9-Microworker................there are sites that provide micro tasks such as MTurk, Microworkers and others, you can do these tasks until you find a real online job.

11- There are other ways to earn that we will talk about later.
I don't prefer using the ptc sites if you really look for work with real money and pleasure.

12-Translator: Translation is a very good online profession; you can work from home with any agency or clients at any place all over the world, deliver your work once you do it and receive your money when the client or the employer you work with receives the work done. Mastering two languages would be very profitable in deed so if you have a good level of mastering a second language besides your native one, do not hesitate, try it and accept work with the least rates you can and then it works. 
How can I find clients or employers to whom I could present my services?
This is a common question to worry those potential translators. In fact it is a bit difficult at the beginning when seeking online translation jobs and it may take time but you may be that lucky one to work faster than anyone else and some times to receive better money than your expectation. It happened to me myself, I began looking for jobs online regarding my pair language (English-Arabic) and sent my CV to all agencies and employing translation online sites, I waited not for long time when I received the first message on my e-mail presenting an opportunity to work temporarily in a rich Gulf country in online translation. WOW, they presented a price I did not expect. I accepted the job and stayed worry for a while before the money was sent to me via Western Union at my city. Those dollars were of the best money I received during my whole life.

   There are in fact main points to reach success in being an online freelancer translator; I am going to write here the number of things I did in order to provide you with some useful steps to follow as beginners:

1-The most important thing is to qualify yourself with as much as possible experiences even if you are a beginner in order to have a quite good CV that convince employers, the CV should be of good template, there are free CV templates online.

2-The second thing is to strengthen your language by studying more in the second language you have and it is better to study CAT programs such as Trados. 

3-The third thing is to search for jobs and it is the most important stage as you can seek for months without finding any reply but do it every day, send your CV to as much places as you can, you can find them by searching for translation agencies names and addresses or websites in which you can find their e-mails, do this in all the language you are mastering. At this time do translations on free sites such as Termiwinki,http://www.termwiki.com/  Believe that you will find what you look for and believe more in God. Sooner or later asks for jobs will come to you like rain, like flood and you will be busier than you needed.

4-Receive money once you have finished your work, you are ready to send the work and receive the money but wait I was stolen at the first time I worked as a freelancer online translator, I was happy to receive work that I continued working for about a month and after I sent him the translated papers, he disappeared and I was shocked that it took me a year to return back but there were conditions as follows:

§        No work more than one week or reaching 70 dollars.

§        Getting all possible information about the people I am working with.
No tests more than two pages. (Sometimes you can do 3 pages)
You can send half the work before receiving your money and the other half after receiving the money.

§        Use as many dictionaries as you can, there are many online and the best is google translate but never try to translate a whole sentence or a whole paragraph using it, just words, terms and idiom.

§        After that everything went OK just as it would work with you

13-Teacher
Can you teach while you are at home? Ten years ago or more in fact, these words were considered impossible if said. Nowadays there are many ways to teach online and it became easy for women specially to do the job. If you have a talent, a craft, a language or any thing which is teachable, you can do it. You may be clever at cooking, sewing, making accessories, mastering a language, mastering a computer branch or school or university subjects, make a site for your services, upload videos at which you teach the skills, upload them on your sites, on other social sites like facebook, twitter, you tube, google talks and yahoo answers. Advertise your services in relevant forums and sites. 

14-Sell experiences

Are you skilled? What skills can you master? Are you good at sewing, cooking, writing, making accessories or any other skill? Search deep into yourself and you will discover your abilities and skills. What to do with these skills after that? Many ways can be used to monetize your skills. First, you can make a webpage for your self to advertise your skills, and then you can give information about your self and your skills and tell the public in your area that you can help them. You can give special courses in cooking, sewing or whatever you are skilled in, you can deliver food from your own hands, you can make children clothes and home curtains and sell them online and you can make accessories or teach how to make them in special courses online or at homes. It is good to monetize any skill you have.